Transcript World War II - The Independent School

Unit VII: World War II
and Its Aftermath
Chapter 24: World
War Looms 1931-1941
The Rise of the Dictators
•
Nationalism in Europe and Asia
• Define: Nationalism
• Why hasn’t WWI taught people the dangers of
nationalism?
• What is a nation?
• What does the Treaty of Versailles have to do with
this?
The Collapse of Versailles
•
The Wrath of Germany
• Why don’t the Germans feel the settlement was
fair?
• Why don’t they feel “defeated?”
• Why don’t Germans trust their own democratic
government?
The Man of Steel
•
Lenin’s Soviet Union
• Russian Civil War (1918-1922)
• Polish Invasion
• What happens in the U.S.S.R. after the death of Lenin?
•
Josef Stalin and the U.S.S.R.
• Communism Unleashed
• What happens to private property?
• How are farms and businesses managed?
• What happens to the food?
• Who does Stalin move against?
• What is the cost to the Soviet Union?
• Define: Totalitarianism
Fascism
•
Benito Mussolini
• What classes support Mussolini?
• How do Communists help Mussolini?
• What does “fascism” mean to the Italian people
in 1922?
• How does Mussolini take power?
National Socialism
•
1923: The Beer Hall Putsch
• Hitler attempts to take over the Munich government by
occupying a government meeting
• What makes him think such a tactic could succeed?
• Why might it fail in Germany?
• Intervention by the Army defeats Hitler’s
stormtroopers.
• Hitler tried and arrested.
• What does it tell us that Hitler serves a 5-year sentence for
this?
•
Mein Kampf
• Three Major Points?
If At First You Don’t Succeed…
•
1933: Hitler “Elected”
• Parliamentary Systems
• What conditions turn more people to Naziism
as a solution to Germany’s problems?
• What perceived threats to Germany exist?
•
The Reichstag Fire
• The Conspiracy to Power
• Freedom of Speech, the Press, suspended
• Why isn’t there a bigger reaction against this?
The Imperial Army
•
The Quiet Rise of Japan
• 1905: Japan defeats Russia
• 1910: Japan annexes Korea
• 1931: Japan invades Manchuria
• Why does this allow the army to take over the
Japanese government?
•
The League of Nations
• What does the League do?
• What is Japan’s response?
• Why doesn’t the League act forcefully?
The Failure of the League
•
1933: Germany Leaves
• Why don’t other nations want to force Germany to stay
within the League?
•
1935: Germany Remilitarizes
• Rhineland Occupied
• What might have happened if France and Britain had
retaliated? Public opinion?
•
1935-6: Italy Invades Africa
• How does the League respond?
• Why is this ineffective?
• Why don’t European nations care?
•
Historical Lesson?
Civil War in Spain
•
1936: Fascism and the Army
• The Spanish “Republic” and Communism
• The Abraham Lincoln Brigade
• Why so many volunteers from America?
•
Foreign Intervention
• What do such powers as Germany, Italy, and
the U.S.S.R. gain from sending troops and
weapons?
• What diplomatic changes result?
•
1939: Franco triumphs.
Soviet Tank operated by
Spanish Loyalists
Stuka Dive Bombers support
Franco’s Nationalists
U.S. Response
•
Isolationism Endures
• What lesson has the U.S. learned from WWI?
• Who is blamed for U.S. involvement in that war?
•
Roosevelt’s Diplomacy
• Who does Roosevelt reach out to and why?
• How does Roosevelt do this?
•
The Neutrality Acts
• What do these acts prohibit? Why?
• How does Roosevelt get around them?
• What effect does this have on his power?
Bloodless War
•
Truth, Secrets, and Lies:
The Anschluss
• Why do so many Austrians
favor unification with
Germany?
•
Betrayal At Munich
• What excuse does Hitler
use to annex the
Sudetenland?
• Plebiscites
• Why do Chamberlain and
Daladier give it to him?
• What role do the Czechs
have in all this?
• Why does this doom the rest
of Czechoslovakia?
What lesson did
Chamberlain teach the
United States?
The Partition of Poland
•
1939: Hitler Eyes Poland
• Why don’t people take Hitler seriously by now?
• Why will Britain and France be forced to
defend Poland?
•
The Secret Nonaggression Pact
• Why can Hitler and Stalin trust each other?
•
Blitzkrieg
• Why is the German army so quickly victorious
over the Poles?
• Panzer III Tank:
Phony Wars and Tiny Wars
•
The Sitzkrieg
• Maginot Line vs. Siegfried Line
• Why do people have confidence in this type of fortresssystem?
•
The Soviet Giant
• Why isn’t anyone doing anything about the Soviet
takeovers of the Baltics and Finland?
•
The Nordic Invasion
• Why does Hitler want these countries?
• What lessons has he learned
• Quisling’s Norway
• King Christian’s Denmark
The Fall of France
•
The Line Outflanked
• Why doesn’t the line hold?
• Why didn’t France figure this
out?
•
Dunkirk
• Why doesn’t Hitler wipe out
the British Army?
• What is the effect of this battle
on Britain and Germany?
•
Vichy
• Why does Hitler bother to set
up this puppet state?
• How does the Fall of France
actually hurt Germany?
• DeGaulle flees to England
The Battle of Britain
•
Sea Lion
• What natural advantage does Britain have over a
German invasion?
• What must Germany do?
•
The RAF vs the Luftwaffe
• Why can the smaller RAF win?
• Hitler begins bombing cities
•
The Atlantic Theater, 1940-41
• What is the German war aim in the Atlantic?
• Graf Spee and the Bismarck
• Wolf-packs
• What developments stop the Germans from succeeding?
The Holocaust
•
The Jewish Enigma
• Why is there AntiSemitism?
• Why is it especially
prevalent in Germany?
• 1933: Jews dismissed from
Reich positions
• 1935: Jews demoted from
citizens to subjects and
publicly marked
•
1938: Kristallnacht
• Who commits the
destruction?
• Who does nothing?
From Hatred to Indifference…
•
Flight from Death
• Where do the Jews go?
• Why do so many countries turn them away?
• The St. Louis
• What effect does the Jewish wave of emigrants
have on the world?
…To Death
•
The Endlösung (Final Solution)
• Others to be destroyed?
• The Schutzstaffel (SS)
•
Stages
• Relocation to Ghettos
• Concentration Camps
•
1942: The Wannsee Conference
• Death Camps
•
Effect of the Holocaust on survivors
The Slow Road to War
•
Neutrality Act of 1939
• Neutral In Favor of Whom?
• “Cash-and-carry” policy
• How does this allay fears of isolationists?
• Destroyer deals
• Why is this so good for Britain?
• The Axis Powers (Tripartite Pact)
• Why does this scare the United States?
•
Preparing for War
• What does Roosevelt do?
The Arsenal of Democracy
•
The Third Term
• What factors enable Roosevelt to break 150 years of
tradition?
•
The Lend-Lease Plan (March 1941)
• Why is this now possible?
•
Operation Barbarossa (June 1941)
• Why is this an important turning point in the war?
•
Wolf Packs
• Why are these both more and less effective than they
were in WWI?
• First shots fired between U.S. and German forces
The Atlantic Charter
•
Roosevelt and Churchill
• How does Roosevelt know Congress still won’t declare
war?
• What does Roosevelt promise?
• Why is the Charter important?
•
War Without War
• 1941: Shoot On Sight orders issued
• Roosevelt declares the Western Atlantic closed to U-boats
• Why can FDR do this?
• First American casualties inflicted
“Did you have a friend on the good Reuben James?”
The China Syndrome
•
Japan Pushes into China
• Why is this so successful against the colonial
forces of the West AND the huge Chinese
Army?
• What is the U.S. response and why is it
important?
• What if Japan had attacked the U.S.S.R.
instead?
Pearl Harbor
•
Sneak Attack
• Why was America taken by surprise if the
codes were broken?
• Why is the attack less than completely
effective?
• What is the effect on the Congress?
• Why is Germany’s declaration of war on the
U.S. on 12/12/1941 such a horribly bad idea?