Transcript Cell Structures and Functionx

Agenda
 Standard
 Cell
Organelle Notes
 Cell Organelle Campaign
Standard
 SB1.
Students will analyze the nature of
the relationships between structures and
functions in living cells.

a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the
cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis
and cell reproduction.
Cell Structures and
Function
Cell Organelles
 TINY
MEMBRANE-BOUND
STRUCTURES THAT PERFORM
SPECIAL FUNCTIONS INSIDE THE
CELL
Cell Wall
 Plant,
Fungi, &
Bacteria, but not
animal cells
 Outer layer
 Rigid & strong
 Made of cellulose
 Provide support and
protection
Cell Membrane
 All
cells
 Double layer of
phospholipids with proteins
 Selectively permeable
 support and protection
 Controls movement of
materials in/out of cell
 Barrier between cell and its
environment
 Maintains homeostasis
Nucleus
 All
eukaryotes
 Large, oval
 Holds DNA
 Controls cell activities
 Contains the hereditary
material of the cell
Cytoplasm
 All
cells
 Clear, thick, jellylike material
 Contains the cytoskeleton
fibers
 Supports and protects cell
organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum
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
Eukaryotes
Network of tubes or membranes
Smooth w/o ribosomes
Rough with embedded
ribosomes
Carries materials through cell
Aids in making proteins
Ribosomes
 All
cells
 Small bodies; can be free or
attached to ER
 Made of rRNA & protein
 Synthesizes proteins
Mitochondria
 Eukaryotes
 Peanut
shaped
 Double membrane
 Inner membrane folded into
cristae
 Breaks down sugar
(glucose) molecules to
release energy
 Site of cellular respiration
Vacuole
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Plant (large), Animal (small)
Fluid-filled sacs
Largest organelle in plant
cells
Store food, water, metabolic
& toxic wastes
Store large amounts of food
or sugars in plants
Lysosomes
 Plant
(uncommon), Animal (common)
 Small and round with a single membrane
 Breaks down larger food molecules into
smaller molecules
 Digests old cell parts
Chloroplast
 Plant
and Algae
 Green, oval containing
chlorophyll (green pigment)
 Uses energy from sun to
make food (glucose)
 Site of photosynthesis
 Release oxygen
Nucleolus
 Eukaryotes
 Found
inside the cell's
nucleus
 Disappears during cell
division
 Make ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus (Body)
 Plant
and Animal
 Stacks of flattened sacs
 Modify proteins made by the
cells
 Package & export proteins
and lipids
Flagella and Cilia
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Some animal cells,
prokaryotes
Cilia are short and
numerous
Flagella are long, usually
only one or two on a cell
Provides movement for the
cell
Made of microtubules
Centrioles

Animal
 Made of microtubules
and microfilaments
 Strengthen cell &
maintains the shape
 Moves organelles
within the cell
Cytoskeleton

All cells
 Strengthen cell &
maintains the shape
 Moves organelles
within the cell
 Made of microtubules
and microfilaments