Transcript America in World War II 1941-1945

The United States in
World War II
1941-1945
PowerPoint by Mr. Hataway
Created February 1, 2004
Revised February 7, 2007
Revision #2 January 15, 2013
Bellringer
• Who was Kilroy?
• Legend starts with James J. Kilroy, a
shipyard inspector during WWII. He
chalked the words on bulkheads to
show that he had been there and
inspected the riveting in the newly
constructed ship. To the troops in
those ships, however, it was a complete
mystery — all they knew for sure was
that he had "been there first."
• As a joke, they began placing the graffiti wherever they (the US
forces) landed or went, claiming it was already there when they
arrived. Kilroy became the US super-GI who always got there first
— wherever GI's went.
http://www.kilroywashere.org/001-Pages/01-0KilroyLegends.html
Cornell Notes: Three Questions
Today, I will learn . . .
The War in the Pacific Theater; Island
Hopping.
I will learn it by . . .
Take notes using Cornell Notes Strategy;
listening skills, write questions in side
margins, summarize notes.
I have learned it when I can . . .
Create a database of World War II battles.
Essential Question
What strategies did the Allies /
Americans use to win the war in
the Pacific?
The United States in World War II
THE PACIFIC THEATER
The Pacific Theater
Defeating Germany first had NOT meant
abandoning the Pacific to Japan. While
armies were being trained and materials
accumulated for the European struggle,
Americans kept an “active defense” against
further Japanese expansion. The main goal
of the “active defense” was to hold Hawaii
and Samoa and keep vital shipping lines
open from the U.S. to Australia.
Stemming the Japanese Tide
• Halting Japanese Advances
“Doolittle Raid” bombing of Tokyo, April 1942
http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/wwii-pac/misc-42/dooltl.htm
Stemming the Japanese Tide
http://64.70.201.125/wings/part2/01_doolittle.html
Stemming the Japanese Tide
• Halting Japanese Advances
• Battle of Coral Sea (4–8 May 1942),
• Battle of Midway (4-7 May 1942)
• Admiral Yamamoto force showdown at
Midway Island
• Battle marked turning point in Pacific war.
• Americans sent 4 large Japanese aircraft
carriers to the bottom of the ocean.
• Guadalcanal (Aug. 1942-Feb. 1943)
Allies on the Offensive
• Two Roads to Tokyo
• Adm. Nimitz led
Marines from
Micronesia to Okinawa
(June 1945)
• Gen. MacArthur led
army back to the
Philippines from New
Guinea (Feb. 1945)
Allies on the Offensive
• Battle Strategies
• Leapfrogging (or Island Hopping); taking
every third island as a base
James F. Lowell
James Lowell, grandfather
of La Vega High teacher
Mr. Dennis Hataway.
Served in World War II
from October 1941 until
January 3, 1946
James
F. Lowell
James
F. Lowell
(1941)
Died July 20, 2008
James F. Lowell
Company Lowell served in
when he first enlisted. 77th
out of New York
East Coast 7th AAA
Automatic Weapons
Battalion
Broke nose when 50
caliber machine gun
misfired.
Transported
equipment from
depots on the east
coast to west coast.
James F. Lowell
From 1943 thru 1945,
served under command
of General MacArthur
Participated in the Island
Hopping Campaign.
Fought on the Island of
Guam, Philippines,
Iwo Jima, and Okinawa.
James F. Lowell (1942)
Grandfather of Mr. Hataway
Allies on the Offensive
• Japanese perimeter collapses (1943-45)
• Battle of Leyte Gulf (Oct. 23-26, 1944)
• near the Philippines
• largest naval battle in history
• first time the Japanese used kamikaze attacks.
• General MacArthur retakes the
Philippines: “I have returned”
Allies on the Offensive
• Japanese perimeter collapses (1943-45)
• Battles of Iwo Jima(Feb. – Mar. 1945) and
Okinawa (Apr. – Jun. 1945) won air bases
close to Japan; costing 6,800 and 12,000
American soldiers lives respectively.
• Tokyo fire bombed; 80,000 civilians killed.
Bellringer/Quickwrite 1/18/13
• Should nuclear weapons ever
be used? Why or why not?
Cornell Notes: Three Questions
Today, I will learn . . .
Decision to drop the atomic bomb.
I will learn it by . . .
Take notes using Cornell Notes
Strategy; listening skills, write
questions in side margins, summarize
notes.
I have learned it when I can . . .
Write a story about survival after an
atomic bomb drops.
Essential Question
Why did President Truman
decide to drop the atomic bomb
on Japan instead of a full scale
invasion?
The New Weapon
• Manhattan Project
• Los Alamos, NM
• Military: Gen. Leslie R.
Groves.
• Scientists: Albert Einstein,
Enrico Fermi, and Robert
Oppenheimer
General Leslie R. Groves (left)
and Dr. J. Robert Oppenhiemer
The New Weapon
• Manhattan Project
• Bomb tested July 16, 1945
• White Sands, New Mexico
• Robert Oppenheimer, though
delighted about the success,
quoted the Bhagavad Gita. "I am
become Death, the destroyer of
worlds.”
• Ken Bainbridge, the test director,
told Oppenheimer, "Now we're all
sons of bitches."
Decision to Drop The Bomb
• President Franklin
D. Roosevelt died
April 12, 1945
beginning of 4th
term
This is a picture of Franklin D. Roosevelt taken
on April 11, 1945 — one day before he died.
Decision to Drop The Bomb
• Harry S. Truman, new
V.P., now Pres.
• Advisers warn that an
invasion of Japan will
cost millions of
American lives.
• After the development
of the atomic bomb,
issued Japan an
ultimatum to
surrender
unconditionally.
President Harry S. Truman, April 1945.
Photo by Chase-Statler. Public domain.
Decision to Drop The Bomb
• Potsdam Conference
• Jul 28 -Aug 1, 1945)
• Truman hints to
Stalin we have a
new, devastating
weapon
Dropping the Atomic Bomb
• On 6 August 1945,
the Enola Gay, a B29 Superfortress,
dropped the atomic
bomb, code-named
"Little Boy",
targeted at the city
of Hiroshima,
Japan.
Dropping the Atomic Bomb
Hiroshima, Japan
Dropping the Atomic Bomb
• Hiroshima (Aug. 6, 1945)
• Nagasaki (Aug. 9, 1945)
• Soviet Union declares war on
Japan same day
Japan Surrenders
• V-J Day (August 14, 1945)
• American occupation under General
Douglas MacArthur
• End divinity of the emperor
Chart 5-5
Chart 5-6
Creation of the United Nations
• A series of meetings
between the “Big
Three,” Churchill,
Stalin, and Roosevelt
where they agreed to
the formation of the
“United Nations” as
one of the first crucial
post-war actions.
Creation of the United Nations
• The United Nations was
convened in San Francisco
in June. Fifty-one countries
signed the UN Charter as
founding members on 26
June, 1945.
• Headquarters located in
New York City. Official
Languages are Arabic,
Chinese, English, French,
Russian, and Spanish.
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