Transcript US Involvement - Solon City Schools

U.S. Involvement
• Good Neighbor Policy – 1933: Idea of
nonintervention among nations, especially
in Latin America
Nonneutral Neutrality
• Neutrality Acts (1936): prohibited sale of
weapons to nations at war
• 2/3 of Americans thought participation in
WWI was a mistake
• Roosevelt asked for $1.3 billion for military
in 1939
Nazi Aggression
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Breaks Treaty of Versailles
Takes Rhineland
Annexes Austria
Munich Conference – gets Sudetenland,
then invades rest of Czechoslovakia
Appeasement
• Policy of avoiding conflict by giving in on
issues
• League of Nations: refused to take stand on
Hitler or Japan
• U.S. in midst of Depression; Europe wants
to avoid another conflict
Hitler in Europe
• Blitzkrieg – Starts WWII with attack on
Poland
• French surrender – Maginot Line
• Miracle of Dunkirk – 338,000 escape
• Vichy France – allows Germany to conserve
troops
• Battle of Britain – Churchill urges them to
fight on despite bombings
Japan
• Rise of military leaders
• Need to expand because of industrialization
• Invades Manchuria in 1931, and then
invades mainland China in 1937
Fascism
• Strict class system; nationalism; strong
dictatorship/totalitarianism; private
ownership
• Don’t confuse with communism, which
believes in equality
• Examples: Hitler & Mussolini
Mussolini
• Seized power in the 1920s because king
feared uprising by the people
• Mussolini allied himself with Hitler; made
small reforms that helped the Italian people,
which kept him popular (big promises)
Attack on Russia
• Hitler breaks promise and attacks Russia
when he sees that he can’t invade Great
Britain
• Hitler makes mistake in slowing down
attack and winter hits, which helps Russia
withstand attack
• Battle of Stalingrad turns tide in war
Pearl Harbor
• Japan feels like they need to do something
because U.S. cuts off oil supplies in Nov.
1941
• Japan wants to cripple Pacific Fleet at Pearl
Harbor – Dec. 7, 1941 attack
D-Day
• Allied invasion into Europe
Turning Points of WWII
• El Alamein – N. Africa: British start to push
Nazis out of N. Africa
• Midway – U.S. starts to push Japan into
retreat
• Stalingrad – Soviets counterattack and
Germany loses generals and starts to retreat
End of War in Europe
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March, 1945 – Allies push into Germany
April, 1945 – Soviets surround Berlin
Hitler marries then commits suicide
May 7, 1945 – Eisenhower accepts
unconditional surrender of Nazis
• FDR had died, so Truman was President
End of War in Asia
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Island-Hopping
Guadalcanal
Philippines
Iwo Jima
Okinawa
Decision to drop A-Bomb
• Aug. 6, 1945: U.S. drops bomb on
Hiroshima… Why?
• Aug. 9, 1945: U.S. drops another on
Nagasaki
• Hirohito quits on Aug. 15; Japan surrenders
to MacArthur on Sept. 2, 1945 to end WWII