Transcript What is genocide? - Brandywine School District

What is genocide?
acts committed with intent
to destroy, in whole or in
part, a national, ethnical,
racial or religious group
What’s the time period of
the Holocaust?
1933-1945
What levels of German
society were most drawn to
Hitler and the Nazi Party?
The Nazis appealed especially to
the unemployed, young people,
and members of the lower
middle class (small store
owners, office employees,
craftsmen, and farmers).
What was Hitler’s term for
the “master race”?
Aryan
Describe this type of
person.
blond, blue-eyed,
and tall
What types of German citizens
were victims of the Nazi Party?
 Roma (Gypsies), an ethnic minority
numbering about 30,000 in Germany
 handicapped individuals, including the
mentally ill and people born deaf and blind
 about 500 African-German children, the
offspring of German mothers and African
colonial soldiers in the Allied armies that
occupied the German Rhineland region
after World War I
 Jews
What does Anti-Semitism
mean?
the prejudice, discrimination
and hatred of Jews as a
national, ethnic, religious or
racial group
When did Anti-Semitism
begin?
Nearly two thousand
years ago
What other nations treated
Jews as scapegoats?
 Spain
 Russia
 Poland
 Austria
According to the Nuremberg
Laws of 1935, how did the
German government decide if
someone was Jewish?
anyone who had three or four Jewish
grandparents was defined as a Jew,
regardless of whether that individual
identified himself or herself as a Jew or
belonged to the Jewish religious community
What did the German
government require of
Jews in German society?
Jews were required to carry identity cards,
but the government added special
identifying marks to theirs: a red "J"
stamped on them and new middle names for
all those Jews who did not possess
recognizably "Jewish" first names -- "Israel"
for males, "Sara" for females.
What happened on
November 9, 1938?
Violence against Jews broke out across the Reich:
 In two days, over 250 synagogues were
burned, over 7,000 Jewish businesses were
trashed and looted, dozens of Jewish
people were killed, and Jewish cemeteries,
hospitals, schools, and homes were looted
while police and fire brigades stood by.
The pogroms became known as
Kristallnacht, the "Night of
Broken Glass," for the shattered
glass from the store windows
that littered the streets.
Pogrom is a Russian word designating an attack,
accompanied by destruction, looting of property,
murder, and rape, perpetrated by one section of the
population against another.
What countries accepted
the most Jewish refugees?
 United States – 90,000
 Palestine – 60,000
 France – 38,000
 Belgium – 30,000
 Netherlands – 30,000
Why didn’t the US allow
entrance to more refugees
before WWII?
In the midst of the Great Depression,
many Americans believed that refugees
would compete with them for jobs and
overburden social programs set up to
assist the needy.
Widespread racial prejudices among
Americans – including antisemitic
attitudes held by the US State Department
officials – played a part in the failure to
admit more refugees.
What was the goal of the
“Final Solution”?
a comprehensive plan
to concentrate and
eventually annihilate all
European Jews
How many ghettos existed in
German-occupied territories?
The Germans established at
least 1,000 ghettos in Germanoccupied and annexed Poland
and the Soviet Union alone.
Describe the largest
ghetto.
The largest ghetto in Poland was
the Warsaw ghetto, where more
than 400,000 Jews were crowded
into an area of 1.3 square miles.
Describe the picture and say
how people are treated.
Describe how conditions
worsened.
The Nazis will not even allow the
prisoners to remove the waste and
sewage. Lice have infested the
ghetto and a typhus epidemic
plagues the prisoners.
What does Abe do?
Where does he go? Why?
With Garfingal’s help, Abe bribes a guard,
tells his family good-bye, and
successfully escapes. He and Garfingal
walk to nearby Krosniewice because it has
an open ghetto so there is some freedom
to come and go during the day.
What were the first Nazi
concentration camps?
 Dachau (1933)
 Chelmno (1941)
 Auschwitz-Birkenau (1942)
 Treblinka (1942)
 Belzec (1942)
 Sobibór (1942)
 Majdanek-Lublin (1942)
What was the primary
purpose of these camps?
the methodical
killing of millions of
innocent people
Describe what happened
to most “workers.”
Prisoners in all the
concentration camps were
literally worked to death.
What happened at most
of these camps?
Most of the deportees were
immediately murdered in large
groups by poisonous gas.
Why were people forced
to go on “death marches”?
Near the end of the war, when Germany's
military force was collapsing, the Allied
armies closed in on the Nazi concentration
camps. The Germans began frantically to
move the prisoners out of the camps near
the front and take them to be used as
forced laborers in camps inside Germany.
Prisoners were first taken by train and
then by foot on "death marches."
Create your own caption for this
photo. What is the family doing and
where are they going?
When the Soviet soldiers
liberated Auschwitz Death
Camp, how many shoes
did they find?
tens of thousands
of pairs of shoes
Describe the hardships
survivors had to face.
 Jewish communities no longer existed
in much of Europe.
 When people tried to return to their
homes from camps or hiding places,
they found that, in many cases, their
homes had been looted or taken over
by others.
- continued
 Returning home was also dangerous. After the
war, anti-Jewish riots broke out in several Polish
cities.
 Many survivors ended up in displaced persons'
(DP) camps set up in western Europe under
Allied military occupation at the sites of former
concentration camps .
 There they waited to be admitted to places like
the United States, South Africa, or Palestine. At
first, many countries continued their old
immigration policies, which greatly limited the
number of refugees they would accept.
A Survivor’s Prayer
by Malka B
I have lived
dear G-d
in a world gone mad
and I have seen
evil
unleashed beyond reason or
understanding.
I was with them.
We drank from the same
bitter cup.
I hid with them
Feared with them,
Struggled with them
And when the killing was finally done
I had survived
while millions had died.
I do not know why.
I have asked many questions
for which there are no answers
And I have even cursed
my life
thinking I could not
endure the pain.
But a flame
inside
refused to die.
I could not throw away
What had been ripped away
from so many.
In the end
I had to choose life.
I had to struggle to cross
the bridge between
the dead and the living.
I had to rebuild
what had been destroyed.
I had to deny death
Another victory.
Summarize what it’s about
in a few sentences.
If you were going to teach
others about the
importance of studying the
Holocaust, what would
you include?