Transcript The Horrors of War

Wartime Life
New Economic Opportunities for Women
New Economic Opportunities for African
Americans
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Rationing: you could only get a
limited amount of scarce, warneeded goods. Among
rationed items: (rubber) tires,
gasoline, steel, aluminum
typewriters, bicycles, footwear,
silk, nylon, fuel oil, stoves,
meat, butter, shortening and
oils, cheese, processed foods
(canned, bottled, and frozen),
dried fruits, canned milk,
firewood and coal, jams and
jellies, and medicines such as
penicillin.
Office of War Information:
Created Propaganda to
encourage support for the war
effort
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War Production Board (WPB)
was organized in Early 1942
to manage war industries
By 1944 US war-related
industrial production was
practically twice that of all the
Axis powers combined!
The government paid for the
war by….?!?!?
Stimulated by war-time
demand and government
contracts, the US industries
did a booming business,
officially ending The Great
Depression, and
unemployment practically
disappeared!
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Over 200,000 women
served in the military in
non-combat roles.
New job opportunities
opened up as soldiers left
to fight the war .
5 million women entered
the workforce.
Women went to work even
if older or married.
Note…pay was not equal
to male workers
“Rosie the Riveter”
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As in WWI, African Americans
left the south to pursue job
opportunities in both the north
and out west (1.5 million+)
Another million young men
served in the armed forces.
Black Americans, however, still
faced discrimination and
segregation, whether civilian or
soldier.
One of the most important Black
Activist during this time was
named A. Phillip Randolph…we
will see him again in the 1960s
Civil Rights Movement.
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Double Victory - against Fascism
abroad and Racism at home.
In 1942, in agreement between
A. P. Randolph’s March on
Washington group and the
Double V Campaign, some
18,000 African Americans
congregated in Madison Square
Garden threatening a March on
Washington if their demands for
integration were not met.
This pressured FDR to sign
Executive Order 8802, on June
25, 1941, prohibiting racial
discrimination in the national
defense industry and eventually
for hiring practices in any job
funded by government money.
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After the attack on
Pearl Harbor anyone
who had immigrated
from an Axis Nation
faced discrimination
They had to register
with the federal
government.
All three groups had
to leave the West
Coast in the Winter of
1942
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Because of Pearl Harbor and fierce fighting by
the Japanese (ex Bataan Death March), the
Japanese faced much harsher treatment than
the Germans or the Italians.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt authorized the
internment of Japanese with Executive Order
9066, issued February 19, 1942.
110,000 Japanese American citizens and
Japanese immigrants who lived along the
Pacific coast of the United States were forced
to sell their property and evacuate to "War
Relocation Camps." The Japanese would remain
in these internment camps until the end of the
war.
In 1988, Congress passed and President
Ronald Reagan signed legislation that
apologized for the internment on behalf of the
U.S. government. The legislation said that
government actions were based on "race
prejudice, war hysteria, and a failure of
political leadership". The U.S. government
eventually disbursed more than $1.6 billion in
reparations to Japanese Americans who had
“ Tagged for
evacuation”
Salinas, CA
May, 1942
Barracks at
Minidoka
Japanese
Internment
Camp in
Idaho
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(1944) Upheld the
decision by the United
States government
wartime policy of
removing Japanese
Americans and putting
them in camps.
Korematsu's conviction
for evading internment
was overturned on
November 10, 1983
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The Systematic
Murder of 6 million
Jews and 5 million
other “undesirables”
Included
Communists,
Socialists,
Homosexuals, Trade
Unionists, Czechs,
Poles, and Gypsies
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1935
Laws that took away
Jewish people’s basic
human rights.
Denied German
Citizenship to Jews
A teacher
explains racial
definitions
according to
Nuremberg
Laws
Banned marriage
between Jews and NonJews
Segregated Jews in
German Society with
Star of David patches,
Jewish papers to be
carried at all times, and
eventually Jewish
ghettos
Jews wearing
identifying
patches
Jews being herded
into Jewish ghetto
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November 9,1938
Attacks on Jewish
people and
property
throughout Nazi
controlled Territory.
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First Concentration
camps were built,
starting in 1933 to
“rehabilitate” people
and turn them into
productive members
of the 3rd Reich.
As the Jewish ghettos
were emptied
throughout Europe,
Jews were shipped to
these
concentration/work
camps…
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Germany started their plan to
exterminate the Jews in Death
Camps in 1942.
Built mostly in Poland
The effort was really turned up
around mid 1943, as the tide
against Germany began to turn
6,000,000+ Jews died
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Anti-Semitism was a
large problem in the
United States, and
many other parts of
the “civilized” world...
Where are they going
to go? Before WW2
most Americans did
not want Jewish
Refugees to come into
their country.
No one could have
predicted the enormity
of the Holocaust.