Transcript Rise of Dictators - Mr Barck's Classroom

Rise of Dictators
Totalitarian State
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The Totalitarian state was a government
that aims to control the political, social
intellectual and cultural lives of its citizens.
They wanted to conquer the minds and
hearts of their subjects.
The Rise of Dictators
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Dictators (absolute rulers) seized power in
Italy, Germany, Japan, Soviet Union after
World War I
Germany was treated severely after WWI
(stripped of territory, forced to disarm, pay
reparations)
Worldwide Depression also hit – many people
looked to new leaders to solve problems
The MAJOR Dictators: Benito Mussolini in
Italy; Adolf Hitler in Germany; Joseph Stalin in
the Soviet Union, Hideki Tojo in Japan
Fascism in Italy
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Benito Mussolini set up the first European
fascist movement in Italy.
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Dubbed himself “LL Duce” ell-doo-chay
Means the “leader”
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Benito Mussolini (Italy)
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Preached a
government called
Fascism – includes
intense patriotism &
nationalism
Very much linked to
racism and cultural
superiority
Fascism
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Fascism glorifies the state above the
individual by emphasizing the need for a
strong central government lead by a
dictator. In a fascist state the government
controls the people, and all aspects of their
lives, and stops any opposition.
Facism
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Mussolini used nationalistic appeals to gain
power and demand more land in Italy.
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The Fascist propaganda used on the radio,
newspapers, and in film molded Italians
into single minded beings.
Mussolini
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Benito Mussolini was an Italian journalist
who gained power through force in italy
following WW1
Black Shirts: Mussolini’s secret police
Adolf Hitler (Germany)
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Leader of the Nazi
Party
Spoke about
Germany racial
superiority
Wanted revenge for
Germany’s loss in
World War I
Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union)
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Communist leader
(Russia went
Communist after
WWI)
Controlled every
aspect of people’s
lives
Eliminated all
competition to him in
order to stay in power
Communism in Russia
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Lenin formed what was known as “the
Union of the Soviet socialist Republics” or
the USSR…
Communism in Russia
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Although Russia had made great progress,
in 1924 Lenin died, and a power struggle in
the “Politburo” or “the communist parties
main policy making body split the country”
Power struggle
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Two main figures emerged in this power
struggle:
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Joseph Stalin and Leon Trosky
Stalin
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Joseph Stalin Rose from the power
struggle and became the new leader of the
USSR!
He arranged to have Leon Trosky killed by
having him stabbed by an ice pick as he
escaped from Stalin in Mexico
Would literally make
people disappear from
existence!
If you opposed Stalin
you were jailed, killed
or sent to GulagsSoviet work camps in
Siberia
Stalin
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Stalin used 5 year plans or economic
growth plans over a 5 year period. These
plans emphasized maximum production at
the expense of the people.
Stalin
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Stalin also implemented the idea of
Collectivism, this idea eliminated private
farms
It was not as successful as he had planned
Stalin
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Peasants revolted by killing livestock and
hoarding crops….
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The result was a famine that killed millions
of people…
Stalin
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8 million people were arrested or jailed
Spain
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A bloody civil war arose in Spain under
general Francisco Franco….
Spain
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Fascist regimes in Germany and Italy aided
Franco’s rise to power…
Spain
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The republican government that was in
power was aided by 40,000 Russian troops
This created a mini was among rising
dictatorships and a way to test weapons in
war….
Hideki Tojo
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Started as a general of the Japanese
Imperial Navy, but moved to supreme ruler
of all Japanese forces during World War 2
Dictators Expand Territory
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1931 – Japan attacks
Manchuria in northern
China
Japan wanted more
natural resources for
its growing population
(Manchuria is rich in
natural resources)
Italy invades Ethiopia
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1935 – Italy invaded
Ethiopia in Africa
Mussolini wanted new
areas to expand his
empire in Africa
Germany Begins Conquests
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1936 – Hitler moves
troops into the Rhineland
(German region near the
French border)
WWI treaty said no
German troops here
French Gov’t and League
of Nations – TAKE NO
ACTION
German-Italian Alliance
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Germany and Italy
formed the Axis Powers
Now – two dictators with
stated goals of expansion
are good friends
Axis Powers help Spain’s
Fascist military overthrow
its elected government
(Spanish Civil War)
Mussolini and Hitler
Hitler begins his own Conquests
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1938 – Hitler and the
Germans invade Austria
(most Austrians spoke
German and welcomed
becoming a part of
Germany)
But…Hitler and the
Germans were expanding
– and the WWI treaty told
them not to…
The Sudetenland
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After taking Austria –
Hitler wanted more
His next desire is the
Sudetenland in
Czechoslovakia
The Czechs didn’t
want to give this area
to Germany – nor did
France and Russia
Germany’s Expansion
“Appeasement” at Munich
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The British step in to
offer a peace and
avoid war
British Prime Minister
Neville Chamberlain
meets with Hitler in
Munich, Germany
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They agree to give
Hitler the Sudetenland
Hitler has to promise
he is done seeking
territory
Reactions to Munich
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Neville Chamberlain,
the British Prime
Minister who came up
with the agreement,
said that he had
achieved “peace in
our time”
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Winston Churchill, the
future Prime Minister,
said: “Britain and
France had to choose
between war and
shame. They chose
shame. They will get
war, too.”
Hitler breaks his promise: Germany
Starts the War
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After being given Sudetenland – Hitler takes the
rest of Czechoslovakia
Hitler signed a Non-Aggression Pact with Stalin
and the Soviet Union (they agree to not make
war on each other) – now France and Britain
have lost an ally in Stalin
Immediately after – Germany invaded Poland
(France & Britain declare war on Germany)
WWII officially begins