Transcript The Great Depression

THE INTERWAR YEARS
Precursor to World War II
BRITAIN & FRANCE
IN THE 20’S
•Owed a lot of money to the USA
•Collected money from Germany
•Gained Middle Eastern territories from
Ottoman Empire
•Struggled with a sluggish economy
•Dealt with Unemployment & strikes
•Political leadership was weak
•Troubling times will be a major reason
for inaction as Germany & Italy grow
more powerful
USA IN THE 20’S
•Everybody is excited about the win
•Economy is booming
•Strongest nation in the world
•The Roaring 20’s
•Movies
•Sports
•Radio
•Airplanes
•Cars
•Prohibition
•Gangsters
•Jazz
USSR IN THE 20’S
•Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
•Conclusion of the Russian Civil War
•V. Lenin is in control & trying to establish
stability
•L. Trotsky, 2nd in Command
•Great struggle as USSR doesn’t have the
infrastructure
•V. Lenin dies in 1924: Trotsky v. Stalin
•J. Stalin establishes Totalitarian State
•5 Year Plans
•Agricultural Revolution
•Industrial Revolution
•Great Purge
•Heavy Propoganda
•USSR does begin to modernize
•Stalin’s tactics are responsible for the
deaths of millions
ITALY IN THE 20’S
•Weak government, economic strife
& communist threats take hold in
the early 20’s
•Middle & Upper class Italians are
looking for a strong leader to bring
stability
•They will eventually support the
leader of the Fascist Party
•The Fascist Party
•Hypernationalism
•Anticommunism
•Racial & Ethnic bigotry
•Dictatorship
BENITO MUSSOLINI
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Newspaper editor
Politician
Started the Fascist Party
in 1919
Eventually gained support
of the people
1922 March on Rome lead
to Italian King giving
power to Mussolini
Once in control of the
government
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Uses propaganda
Secret Police
He becomes Il Duce
I love The
Olive Garden!
JAPAN IN THE 20’S
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Move towards a
Constitutional Monarchy
Power of the Diet
(Parliament) increased
Bill of Rights
Male Suffrage
Freedom of Speech,
Modernization,
Industrialization
However, Monopolies &
Social Structure still
played a major role in
Japanese society
Combination of Democracy
& Facism
CHINA IN THE 20’S
•Imperialist China ended in 1911
•Struggle ensued between a military
dictatorship & a democracy
•Dictatorship wins, China falls into
chaos
•By the 1920’s, communism &
democracy were the two
opposing/cooperative forces
•They collaborate for the good of China
•However, they would eventually wage
a Civil War to decide China’s future
•Japan is also a constant threat in the
decade as they look to spread their
sphere of influence
TURKEY IN THE 20’S
•The Young Turks
•Started bringing Western
ideas before World War I
•Mustafa Kemal
•Known as Ataturk
•Established the Turkish
Republic
•Modeled the country on a
typical Western/Democratic
country
GERMANY IN THE 20’S
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Weimar Republic
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Inflation
Loss of national pride
War debts
Resentment over ToV
Challenged by
Communists, Nazis
 Germany begins to
have some success
both politically &
economically by the
late 1920’s
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Germans partook in this activity often after World War I
CRASH OF THE STOCK MARKET
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A panic drops the price
of stocks
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Factories produce less
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Many people bought on
margin
Less money to spend
means less products to
make
Banks are forced to
close
People cannot pay their
loans
 Peoples’ savings
disappears

Many crapped themselves after reading this headline
A GLOBAL DEPRESSION
America stopped
loaning money to
Europe
 High tariffs greatly
decreased world trade
 Many other nations
then experienced what
America was going
through
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Especially Germany
FASCISM
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New governments begin to
question democracy
Combination of
Nationalism and a
dictatorship
Leaders promised to
improve economies, punish
those responsible for hard
times & bring back
national pride
Main supporters were
Aristocrats, Industrialists,
War Veterans, Middle
Class
Sought to form a one party
system
The Dynamic Duo
ADOLF HITLER
World War I Hero
 Afterwards, joined the
National Socialist
 German Workers’
Party
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Nazi Party for short
 Fascist Party
Becomes der Fuhrer
He leads a failed attempt
to take over Munich
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Serves 9 Months in
Prison
He authors Mein Kampf
Does this
picture depict
the hatred I
am hoping for?
HITLER CONTINUED
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Hitler went largely
unnoticed until the
depression hit
Hitler is named
Chancellor of Germany
He calls for new
elections
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Nazis defeat
Communists
Once in power, he sets
up an authoritarian
government
Schutzstaffel (SS)
 Gestapo (Secret Police)
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Is this one
better or
worse?
HITLER & MUSSOLINI
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Both grabbed control
of their countries
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Mussolini was never
as powerful as Hitler
Both made their
political party the
only one
 Both used propaganda
and fear to keep the
people cooperative
 Both improved their
countries state
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Dude…XYZ
That is so
embarrassin
g
SETTING THE STAGE FOR WAR
Former Allied Powers
are busy surviving
 Japan begins to
invade China
 Italy takes Ethiopia
 Germany begins to
beef up its military
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Against the Treaty of
Versailles
Where is the League
of Nations?
GERMANY BEGINS CONQUEST
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1936: Rhineland
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1936: Axis Power formed
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Germany, Italy, Japan
1937: The 3rd Reich
Announced
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Neutral zone between
Germany & France
Rhineland
Austria
Czechoslovakia
Poland
Russia
1939: Italy & Germany
help Spain become a
Fascist nation
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3 Year Struggle
Sudetenland
MUNICH CONFERENCE
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1938: Germany, France,
Britain & Italy all meet in
Munich
Germany is granted the
Sudetenland
Germany promises to
respect Czech border
1939: Germany takes
Czechoslovakia
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Italy takes Albania as well
Hitler then tells Poland he
wants Germany’s old
territories back
1939: Hitler & Stalin sign
the Non-Aggression Pact
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France & Britain has tried to
get Stalin’s help as well
They don’t know
it, but my
fingers were
crossed the
whole time
HOW IS THIS ALL HAPPENING?
War is Hell!
 Allied Powers are not
prepared for a war
 Appeasement
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Letting small things
go in hopes of
preventing war
Bottom Line: Most of
the world is hoping
this aggressive
behavior by the
Fascists will stop