Transcript Roaring 20's - World History With Mr. C.

Vocabulary
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Disarmament
Overproduction
Margin buying
General strike
Flapper
Fascism
Totalitarian State
Chancellor
• Concentration camp
• Mein Kampf
Roaring 20's
The Depression
The Rise of Fascist and Nazi States
Following World War I
• Countries renounced war
• Encouraged international cooperation
• In Europe recovery from the war was slow
– Backed by loans and other assistance from U.S.
• *In the United States during the 1920’s
– The economy boomed
– Industry grew
– People were happy
• Dangerous under current of over-production
1920’s in U.S.
• *WWI caused
– Factories to expand
– People moved from rural to cities
– Blacks migrated to north
• *After War
– Factories retooled
– Incomes rose
– Sales and manufacture of consumer goods rose
Automobile’s
*Ripple Effect
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Model T price dropped from $850 to $290
More jobs industries making parts for cars
More roads
New industries centered around the car
motels, service stations, tourist traps
• Installment buying, buy now pay later
1920’s Society
• Prohibition 1/15/20 18th Amendment
• *Women’s place
– Suffrage 19th Amendment 1920
– Work place changes due to the war
– Appliances make house work easier creating free time
• *Cars
– Created suburbs
– Causing the nation to shrink
• Red scare 1919-20
• Limited immigration
1920’s Sports, Arts and
Fads
• Babe Ruth 60 homers 30yr record
• First talking movie “Jazz Singer” 1927
• Radio 1st in Pittsburgh 1920 by 1929, over
10 million
• Jazz combines African rhythms with European
harmonies
• Literature criticized American society
– Ernest Hemingway “Farewell to Arms” and F.
Scott Fitzgerald “The Great Gatsby”
• Lucky Lindy was the greatest hero flew NY to
Paris in 33 1/2hrs.
• Fads: flag pole sitting gold fish swallowing
• *Flapper…young women rebels…lipstick,
short dresses (just below the knees)
Conditions in Britain and France
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Britain
Overseas trade lost
In deep dept
Irish Rebellion 1916
Former colonies
become independent
– Canada, Australia,
New Zealand and So.
Africa
France
• Recovered faster due
to
– Reparations
– Territories recovered
– Decentralized
industries
• Maginot Line
*U.S. Economics
• Stock market soared Bull Market,
– Many people bought stocks on the
margin.
– Consumer debt rose 250% by 1929
• Farmers saw prices drop with
demand after the war
• Labor unions were not supported by
the government
– Union membership dropped by 30%
1920’s and 30’s In Japan
• During the 1920’s Japan moved
toward greater democracy
– Political parties
– A democratic parliament grew stronger
• *By the 1930s, the Japanese military
dominated the government
– Emphasizing obedience to the emperor
– Service to the state
– A policy of imperialist expansion.
Hirohito
*The Great Depression
• Created financial turmoil
• Widespread suffering
throughout the
industrialized world.
– Businesses closed
– Global trade declined
– Unemployment and poverty
grew to unprecedented
levels.
• New deal… Economic &
Social reform
Fascism in Italy
• Benito Mussolini and his
Fascist party established
the first totalitarian state
– Took advantage of economic
and political unrest
• *Fascism is rooted in
– Extreme nationalism
– Glorified action
• Violence, discipline, and,
above all, loyalty to the state.
• March on Rome 1922
– Emmanuel III
*Totalitarian Rule
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Used by Stalin and Hitler as a model
Single party dictatorship
State control of the economy
Used secret police and terror to enforce will
Strict censorship
Used schools and media to indoctrinate citizens
Unquestioned obedience to single leader
Hitler and the Rise of Nazi
Germany
• *Germany’s Weimar Republic was
weakened
– Political disunity and runaway inflation
– Blamed for the hated Versailles treaty
• War-guilt and reparations clauses
• *Adolf Hitler and his Nazi party
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Appealed to extreme nationalism
Anti-Semitism
Anti-Communism
Resentment of the Treaty of Versailles
U. S. needed cash,
investments in
Germany stopped
*Hitler’s Third Reich
• Establish a totalitarian state
– Using terror, repression, and one-party
rule
• Controlled all areas of Germany life
– Government, Religion, Schools
• The SS troops enforced
• The secret police (Gestapo)
terrorized
Heinrich Himmler
– Combined with SS in April of 1936
• Most cheered
– Ended unemployment
– Revived German power
– Public works
Hermann Goering
Purging German Culture
• Textbooks rewritten to
reflect Nazi views
• Banned books burned
• Considered Christianity
weak and flabby
– Muzzled the clergy
– Closed church schools
"Youth Serves the Führer. All
10-year-olds into the Hitler
Youth."
Membership in the Hitler Youth
had become mandatory in 1936.
Campaign Against the Jews
• *Nuremberg Laws prohibited
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marriage to non Jews
Teaching in German schools
Holding Government jobs
Practicing law or medicine
Publishing books
Were not considered citizens of
the Reich
• Hitler used the Jews as
scapegoats
“*Night of Broken Glass"
In two days, over 1,000
synagogues were burned, 7,000
Jewish businesses were trashed
and looted, dozens of Jewish
people were killed, and Jewish
cemeteries, hospitals, schools,
and homes were looted
Authoritarian Rule Grows in
Eastern Europe
• A dozen Ethnic countries were carved out of
the Old Hapsburg, Ottoman and parts of the
Russian and German empires.
• People were not accustomed to a slow
moving democracy
• Gave up their freedoms for something to eat
• Stalin and Hitler divide Eastern Europe
Next up
World War II
and its Aftermath