Transcript World War II - Pine Crest School

World War II
Zisk
US History
World Depression
Germany
defaults
Allies default to US
1931 Hoover’s
Moratorium
1933
FDR / London
Conf.
1933 US recognition
of USSR
Sec.of State Hull …
Good Neighbor Policy
Totalitarianism
Communism
Fascism
brings
the 3‘isms back
1922
Italy
Mussolini
1924
Stalin
USSR
1933
Hitler
Germany
Mussolini’s
and Hitler’s
Rise to
POWER...
Treaty of Versailles
M.
Italy did not get
land promised.
Lost too many
dead to lost cause
H.
“Stab in the back”
Army had not lost Jews, communists
and socialists had
surrendered. Guilt
clause…Diktat
The Economy
Both
blamed the
Allies. Hitler
complained about
reparations.
Politics
Both
used the
threat of
communism to
gain powerful
business allies.
Weak
post-war
Democracies in
both countries
Paramilitary Armies
violence
M’s
“Blackshirts”
H’s “Brownshirts
Appointed to Power
M.
“IL Duce”
1922 by King
H. “Fuehrer” 1933
by President
In Power ...
Both
remove civil
liberties
Rebuild economy
H. rebuilds war
Fascism/Comm.
Dictator
Totalitarian
Govt.
Force
Govt. Censorship
State Supreme
 Fascism...
Communism
 nationalistic
International
 Appeals
to
revolution
middle class Appeals to
 Preserves
workers
social
Classless
classes
society
Neutrality ...
US
tricked into WWI?
1934+ Anti-war
1935 Neutrality Acts
reaction to Mussolini
Arms
embargo
Avoid belligerent’s
ships
limit eco. exchange
1936 extend N.Acts
…Sp. Civil War
1936
Rome/Berlin
Axis formed
1937 Congress
extends N.Acts to
forbid travel on
belligerent ships.
Congress
allows for
non-military items on
cash and carry basis.
Path to War
1931
Japan
invades
Manchuria
‘37 China
March
1938
Gmy annexes Austria
“Anschluss”
Sept.
‘38 Munich
Chamberlain
- G.B.
Daladier - France
Czech Sudetenland

“appeasement”
March
‘39
Gmy takes Czech.
July US gives Japan
6mos notice ...
Aug. ‘39 Nazi/Soviet
Non-aggression Pact
Sept. 1, 1939
Tanks
roll
over
Poland
9/3
WAR
“This
nation will
remain a neutral
nation, but
I cannot
ask …”
FDR
asks for
repeal of Embargo
section of
Neutrality Acts
Cash and Carry ...
“Top
Secret” talks
with Einstein 1939
will lead to 1941
Manhattan Project
4/4/40 sitzkrieg over
no more phony war!
Late
summer 1940
50 old battleships
for bases
$4 bill. for navy
Selective Service 1st peacetime draft
US
forbids
shipment of
airplane fuel or
scrap metal to
Japan
Britain alone ...
Churchill
“only blood,
toil, tears, and sweat”
“We shall
defend our
island...”
“Never…”
And so...
G.B.
and Churchill
waited…
G.B. last bastion
of democracy...
1940 election
Dem.
FDR for 3rd
term
Rep. Wendell
Wilkie
Neutral no more
3/41
Lend Lease
Gm. subs/ Atlantic
6/41 Nat. Emergency
declared
6/22/41
Hitler opens
2nd Front
FDR extends Lend
Lease to USSR
7/41 Japan opens
negotiations ...
Atlantic Charter
August
1941
Churchill & FDR
“outlined the
asperations of the
democracies…”
Time running out
FDR
freezes Japan’s
assets and sets a
Trade embargo
9/41 Atlantic shoot
on sight
10/41
Gen. Hideki
Tojo becomes Jap.
prime minister
10/30/41 American
warship sunk off
Iceland
Dec. 7, 1941...
The Homefront

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Mobilization …
Businesses
War Production Board
Production, profits, consolidation
increase
National War Labor Board
Office of War Information
Taxes/payroll deductions
Relocation Camps …
 “yellow
peril”
 127,000 J-Americans, 80,000
born in US so citizens
 Executive Order 9066
Social Impact
 15
million move during war
 Money to spend
 # of women heading
households up
 Women in the workforce …
Rosie the Riveter (19.5 mill)
War of Diplomats and Generals

1.
2.
War Aims…
Jan ’42 FDR’s 4 Freedoms: of
speech, worship, from want,
and from fear
Vague references to needs:
extend democracy (but) and a
new peacekeeping org.
 Only
real policy…end war
quickly (but what about…);
solve problems as they arise
 Two front war but where is
the most danger?
 Ally cooperation in Europe:
GB, Stalin, and Free French
1942’s Disastrous start…
Strategies to end the war

1.
2.
3.
4.
European Theatre …
N.Africa (’42) to Sicily (’43) to
Italy … Rome captured ‘44
Allied Commander Eisenhower
Dec.’42 to Mar.’43 Stalingrad
What about Stalin’s 2nd Front?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Pacific Theatre …
Spring ’42 Battle of the Coral Sea
June ’42 Battle of Midway
Allied Commander MacArthur
…”I shall return”
Leap-frogging toward Japan
’43 Philippines retaken…”I have
returned.”
Operation Overlord
 June
th
6
1944 D-Day
 Largest amphibious invasion ever
 Normandy Coast …US at Utah
and Omaha Beaches
 Landing…why we win…
End in sight in Europe…



1.
2.
3.
Means two things … defeat of
Germany and WHO would
control Europe.
“Uncle Joe” and propaganda
Yalta, Feb. 1945
Soviet’s to join Asian fight
Sphere’s of influence/Poland
United Nations
 1944
Election FDR vs. Dewey
 FDR dies April 12th
 Harry Truman
 Key is Berlin … who should take
it…May 2nd…
th
 V-E Day …May 8
 Manhattan Project …
Pacific drags
on…
 June
’44 +
bombing Japan
 Island Hopping
successful
but…
 Iwo
Jima …
 Okinawa
 Arguments
for the BOMB
 August 6th, 1945 Hiroshima
th
 August 8 , USSR joins in
 August 9th , Nagasaki
 August 14th V-J Day
 Sept. 2nd formal surrender
Conclusion
 Cruelty of war acceptable…
Dresden/Tokyo firebombing,
Nazi/Japanese POW camps,
slaughter of civilians by ALL
 US
#1 industrial/military giant
 Depression gone
 Isolationism over
 Cold War begins