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Unit 1
Fighting with the Forces of Nature
I. Pre-reading tasks:
When talking about “nature”,which word
will turn up in your mind?
magic
magnificent
mysterious
marvelous
However, while nature is colorful, diverse, splendid,
wonderful, mysterious, magic, and beautiful,
disastrous
sometimes it is still ___________
, ev en
_destructive
_ _ _ _ _ _or_ devastating
_______________
.
tsunami
tornado
volcano
Avalanche
雪崩，山崩
drought
typhoon
Sandstorm
Freezing winter
Discussion: Man and nature, which is more
powerful?
Group A: list instances where man conquers nature.
Group B: come up with cases where the forces of nature are
too powerful to be resisted.
hint: The Long March of the Red Army
The freezing weather in Europe this winter
and Chili’s earthquake in 2010
Widely-accepted:
Man can change nature in order to live.
Man could be better adapted to the nature
Man must also be careful not to disregard the laws of nature.
Today, we will find in text A of Unit One the following:
Was the force of nature considered as
defender or destroyer?
Can man conquer nature?
Man and nature, which do you
think is more powerful?
Preview Check
1.True or False
1. “The Icy Defender” refers to the Russian River. ( F )
2.Napoleon and his troops gained a quick victory of
Russia as they had expected. ( F )
3. Napoleon didn’t capture the capital of Russia. ( F )
4. Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that
was the largest military land campaign in history. ( T )
5. German troops adopted “scorch earth” policy
when they entered Russia. ( F )
6. Hitler failed to capture Moscow because of the
strong resistance of Russian people. ( F )
2. A Comparison-and – Contrast Analysis of the Two Invasions
Invading country
Starter of the war
France
Russia
Napoleon
Starting time of invasion
Spring ,1812
Country invaded
Strength of invading force
Capture of Russian capital
Major battles
Biggest enemy for the
invading force
Turning point
Fate of the invading force
War-starter’s fate
600,000
Yes
Smolensk, Bordino, the
Berezina river
Snow, freezing
temperature
Oct 1812, when
Napoleon ordered a
retreat
Germany
Soviet Union
Hitler
6/22/1941
The largest land campaign
in history
No
Leningrad, Stalingrad
Heavy rain, “General Mud”,
snow, freezing temperature
1943, when the Soviet
troops pushed the German
forces back
Only 100,000 survived Heavy losses
Napoleon abdicated and
went into exile, his
empire at an end
Hitler committed suicide,
his empire collapsing
Napoleon Bonaparte
(1769-1821)
1.He is _________
emperor of the French,
who consolidated the French
Revolution, and one of the
commanders
greatest military
_________
2. During 1802-1815
Napoleon tried to gain
control of the whole
Europe, He had great
success against all his
enemies except _________,
Britain
because of
its
powerful navy force
______________________
3. His decisive war:
the Battle
of Waterloo in 1815
_________________________.
4. He was exiled to _________
St. Helena and died in 1821.
Adolf Hitler(1889-1945)
1. He is German political
________ and
military
_______ leader and one of most
powerful __________.
dictators
2. He converted Germany into a
militarized
fully ___________society
and
launched _____________
in
WWII
1939.
3. A keystone of his
propaganda and policies:
anti-Semitism
__________________
4. The party he built : ______
Nazi
5. To enforce his idea of racial
purity, he slaughtered
___________
Jews
an army of six hundred
thousand men
His military might was
unequaled.
The largest military campaign
quick victory, conquest of
Russia in 5 weeks
Blitzkrieg, lasting no
longer than 3 months
Character:
arrogant; ambitious; self-confident; but
too proud.
Introduction of Stalin
general secretary
1. __________________
of the Communist Party of the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
2. Under his leadership the USSR was built into
a___________________________________
modern economic and military power
that repelled
Hitler’s armies in World War II and rivaled the United States
The Cold War period
during ______________________________.
Major battles for Russia and France (describing each battle with
key words)
Smolensk:
engage; left over; retreat
farther into; no decisive
victory; was faced with a
crucial decision.
Borodino:
met; lay dead or wounded;
retreated; occupy
Berezina River:
Nearly trapped; build; escaped; at the cost of;
limped; captured.
Major battles for Germany and Soviet Union
Leningrad:
closed in on; refused
to surrender;
desperate; ran out;
die from; starved to
death; as a result of
siege
Stalingrad:
pushed east to; refused to give up; launch a counterattack;
were further weakened;give up their siege; turned the tide
against ;
Napoleon offered a truce to
Alexander I, but the Russian czar
rejected his offer. (why?)
Joseph Stalin hadn’t
received any truce offer
from Hitler.
Because: The Russian winter was raw,bitter, and bleak and
the Grand Army’s supply lines moved slowly.
The Russian Czar was confident that he could
defeat Napoleon’s Grand Army.
Snow, freezing temperature
Heavy rain, “General
Mud”,Snow, freezing
temperature
October 1812, when Napoleon
order a retreat.
1943, when the Soviet
troops pushed the
German forces back.
Napoleon abdicated and
went into exile, his empire
at an end.
Hitler committed suicide ,
his empire collapsing.
Based on a comparison-and-contrast analysis of the
two invasions, what conclusion can you draw from
their campaigns?
a. The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military
campaign.
b. Favorable natural conditions, advantageous location and
support of people will contribute to the victory of one
campaign.
c. Arrogance usually leads to the defeat of one campaign.
d. Humankind could make good use of natural
conditions.
Pride comes before a fall.
Napoleon’s route:
Cross the Neman River
Engaged at Smolensk
Met in fierce battle at Borodino
Occupy the city of Mosco
Trap the retreating French at Berezina River
Limped toward Vilna
Hitler’s route:
Closed in on Leningrad
Try to capture Moscow
Capture Sevastopol
Push east to Stalingrad
III. Language Focus:
1. (intro. ) in the case of …:
as far as .. is concerned 至于，就……来说
e.g: The rise in interest rate will be disastrous ~ small firms.
扩展: a case in point
in any case
典型的例子
不管怎样,无论如何
in case
假使,以防万一(引导从句)
in case of
假如, 如果发生
in no case
决不, 无论如何不
in some cases
有时候
in nine cases out of ten 十之八九
2.(intro.)stand/get/ be in one’s way: 挡道,防碍
carve out a way 开辟道路
clear the way
清除障碍
3.(Line 5.) devastating a. causing great destruction 毁灭性的
（同）destructive
搭配：a ~ war
~ weapons
be ~ to the society
e.g:Thousands of refugees are trapped by devastating war and
famine.
扩展：
devastate vt.
devastator n. 毁灭者
4. raw: cold and wet; not cooked, refined, processed,
organized or analyzed
阴冷的；生的；未加工的
raw material
crude oil
5.(line 5.) bleak a. cold and miserable; depressing
寒冷刺骨的，凄凉的
搭配： a ~ plain
a ~ smile
a ~ future
(line 5) But he was not prepared for …bleak Russian winter.
但他没有料到在莫斯科会遇到劲敌— 俄罗斯阴冷凄苦
的寒冬。
6. (line 7.) launch
vt. start; send (sth.) on its course 开始; 发射
e.g: On October 4, 1957, Soviet scientists launched the
world’s first artificial satellite.
扩展:
~ a satellite
~ a rocket
~ a strike
~ an attack
~ a campaign
7. (line 15.) efficient
adj. able to work well or producing a satisfactory
result without wasting time or resources 效率高
的,有能力的
e.g: She is a very efficient secretary. She never
forgets anything or makes a mistake.
辨析:
effective adj. 有效的,生效的;起作用的(强调结果)
efficient adj. 效率高的; (强调过程)
inefficient
8. (line 19) decisive
adj. producing a definite result or conclusion; having the
ability to decide quickly 决定性的, 果断的
e.g: Lincoln took decisive measures to end slavery.
Most of the decisive land campaigns of World War I
occurred on the continent of Europe.
扩展:
a decisive influence
a decisive battle
a decisive person
a decisive factor
9. (line22.) The Grand Army followed, but its advance
march soon became bogged down by slowing moving
supply lines.
be/get bogged down: be unable to make progress
（使）陷入泥潭；阻碍
e.g:Most of tanks were bogged down because of
mechanic defects and inexperienced crews.
大军紧追不舍，但它的长驱直入很快由于粮草
运输缓慢而停顿下来。
10.(line 24.) engage v. begin fighting with sb.; cause
to take part in or do; occupy or attract sb.’s interest,
etc. 与…交战; 使从事; 占用(时间,精力等)
搭配: 1)engage (sb.) in sth. 使某人从事某事
e.g: the teacher tried to engage the shy boy in
conversation.
They are currently engaged in lengthy trade
negotiations.
2) be engaged to sb. 和某人订婚
engagement ring
11.(line 27) He was now faced with a crucial decision.
be faced with: have to deal with 面临, 要对付
扩展: face to face (with)面对面地
face up to 勇敢地对付(或接受)
facial expression
12. crucial adj. very important 至关重要的
搭配: be crucial to 对……至关重要的
13.(line 30) Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to
Moscow.
take a gamble : take a risk 冒险
e.g: I think she’s taking a gamble investing all her
money in stocks.
扩展: gamble on sth. 对…打赌
gamble with one’s life 以生命作赌注
14.(line 39) ….but the Russian czar knew he could bide his
time.
bide one’s time: wait patiently for a chance等待时机
e.g: His political rivals are biding their time for an
attack on his policies.
搭配:
ahead of time 提前;
all the time 一直,始终;
at all times 随时,总是
at any time 在任何时候;
at no time 决不,从不;
at one time 一度,曾经;
for the time being 眼下,暂时 in no time 立即,马上
take one’s time 不着急;不慌忙
15.(line54.) But Napoleon, by a stroke of luck, was able to
build two new bridges.
stroke 1) 敲，击 e.g: He drove in a nail with a stroke of
hammer.
2) (幸运或突发事件的）一次，一回
搭配：
have a stroke of good (bad) luck 交了一次好运或倒了
一次霉
e.g: That was his first stroke of good fortune.
16.(line55.) Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but at the
cost of fifty thousand dead.
at the cost of : with the loss of 以…….为代价
e.g: Berhman saved Johnsy at the cost of his own life.
The local government developed its economy but at
the cost of environment.
17.(line 60.) alliance n. 联盟
搭配:
be in alliance with; form an alliance with;
enter into an alliance with
e.g: Japan and Germany formed their formal alliance in
1940.
18.(line 71.) Caught off guard by the invasion, ….instructed the
Russian people to “ scorch the earth” …..
catch sb. off guard: take sb. by surprise 趁某人不备
e.g: The invitation to his wedding caught me off
guard.
扩展: be on guard against 谨防,提防
苏联领导人约瑟夫.斯大林被打了个措手不及，
他指导全国人民在德国入侵者到来之前实行
“焦土”政策。
19.(line 91.) The Russian winter brought the German offensiv
to a halt.
bring … to a halt (a stop)使….停止
e.g: Our journey was brought to a halt by a storm.
扩展:
Sth. comes to a sudden halt 突然停止;
grind to a halt 慢慢停止;
call a halt to sth. 命令停止
20. (line 92.) By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched
two new offensives.
offensive n. aggressive action, attack 进攻
adj. used for or connected with attack; causing sb. to feel
upset, or annoyed; very unpleasant 进攻的；冒犯的；
使人不快的
He made rude jokes that are offensive to women.
There is an offensive smell in the room.
21.(line 102.) The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally
turned the tide against Hitler.
turn the tide (against): 扭转局势，潮流
e.g: Soviet victory in Stalingrad turned the tide of the
war in Europe
扩展： go with the tide 顺应潮流
tide over 使渡过困难时期
go against the tide 逆反潮流
Paraphrase:
In Hitler’s Russian campaign, the battle for
Stalingrad was a turning point, from which
German troops became weak and was at a
dilemma.
22.(line 103.) The German victories were over thanks in
part to the Russian winter.
thanks to: because of 由于，因为
Thanks to her financial support, the two children
in the remote village could go to school.
[synonyms] owing to
due to(负面意义）
in view of 鉴于，由于，考虑到
23.(line 114.) The elements of nature must be reckoned
with in any military campaign.
reckon v. count; consider; think 计算；认为
搭配： be reckoned with 被加以考虑
be taken into consideration; be taken into account
~ for 估计，准备
~ in 把…..计算在内[同] count in
~ without 不考虑, 忽略
~ on 指望,盼望[同] count on
eg. The artist is reckoned to be a freak(怪人）.
24. (line116.) Snow, ice and freezing temperatures
took their toll on both invading armies.
take its/a toll: cause damage, injuries or deaths
造成损失(伤亡等)
e.g: His hard work has taken its toll on his stomach.
But such high wages have also taken their toll on the
economy.
扩展:
take a heavy toll 造成重大伤亡或损失
IV. Review Check
1. Cloze (原文填空）
Emperor of the French, led his Grand
In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, _________
fierce
Army into Russia. He was prepared for the _________resistance
of the
Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the
long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was
devastating
not prepared for the __________enemy
that met him in Moscow– the
raw, bitter, _______Russian
bleak
winter.
launched
In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of ______Germany,
Nazi
________an
attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitler’s
unequaled His war machine had
military might was__________.
mowed
down
______________resistance
in most of Europe. Hitler expected a
campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a
short __________
painful lesson. The Russian winter again came to the ______of
aid
the
Soviet soldiers.
•
When Hitler decided to launch his invasion
_______ of Russia,
he thought that nothing could ______
______
stand ______
in the
way
______ of his armies. __________,
it seemed, was
conquest
inevitable. He had surprise on his side, catching
_______ Stalin
off ______
his
guard by ___________
launching
_____
______
his attack
campaign
without a declaration
________ of war. Hitler expected the _________
to last only a few months. In the event, it was to drag
______
on
_______
for much longer. Like Napoleon before him, he
reckon _______
with the
had made a fatal mistake in failing to _____
severity of the Russian weather. Many German soldiers
die
from the cold as winter set in,
were to _____
_______
bringing
to _____
a ________
halt .
__________ the German advance ____
（参见教学光碟）
• 3. spot dictation （参见教学光碟）
4. discussion about Napoleon’s Character（参见教学光碟）
2. useful expression
5. exercises (P15-22)
6. writing strategy (P32)
7. dictation.
8. additional translation.
1) 1941年，日本向太平洋逼近，对美国珍珠港发
起突然袭击。
2) 面临着美国强大军事进攻，日本很快陷入了供
结不足的境地。
3) 这次决定性的战役使形势对日本军队不利。
4) 最终，日本军队从太平洋地区撤退，其伤亡人
数不计其数。
• 1. In 1941, Japanese army drew closer to the Pacific and launched a
sudden attack against American Pearl Harbor.
• 2. Faced with the massive military attack from America, Japanese soon
became bogged down by the lack of supply.
• 3. This decisive campain turned the tide against Japanese army.
• 4. Finally, Japanese army retreated from the Pacific and took countless
toll (suffered countless casualties).