Transcript in case
Unit 1 Fighting with the Forces of Nature Text A The Icy Defender Nila B. Smith Selected vocabulary : In the case of Stand/get/be in the way Raw Launch Engage Gamble Minus Stroke Weaken Instruct Render Offensive Thanks to Reckon Toll in the case of: as far as …is concerned The rise in interest rate will be disastrous in the case of small firms. We tend to think of these people as untrustworthy, but that is not the case (= the fact). the case = the fact in that case:在那种情况下，既然那样 If you hate the job, in that case, you’d better quit. in any case: 无论如何，总之 I will go there in any case. in no case:无论如何都不 I will go there in no case. (just) in case:以防万一（发生…） You’d better take an umbrella (just) in case (it rains)=in case of rain. a case in point:例证，恰好的例子 Williams' career is a case in point (=a clear example of something that you are discussing or explaining) Stand/get/be in the way prevent from doing sth. Many teachers complain that they can’t make any improvement in teaching methods as the existing exam system is in the way. 许多老师抱怨现行的考试体系使他们无法改进教学方法 I don’t think kids have as much fun as we used to. Fierce competition keeps getting in the way of their development. 我觉得现在的孩子没有我们当初乐趣那么多，因为激烈的竞争阻碍了他们的发展。 Drill：other phrases with way 1. Oh, by the way (used to introduce a new topic) have you heard from Bill lately? 2. We decided to take a shortcut instead of going by way of (by going through) the lobby. 3. The old houses were knocked down to make way for (provide space for) a new office building. 4. Although he is very busy, he went out of his way (take the trouble to do) to help me. 5. My new evidence forced him to (to admit defeat). give way 区别：way street road highway expressway avenue path trail sidewalk/pavement raw: cold and wet; not cooked, refined, processed, organized or analyzed The events took place on a raw February morning. 事情发生在一个阴冷的二月早晨 This cutting board is only used to cut raw meat. 这个砧板只用来切生肉 the raw material 原材料 raw data 原始数据 熟虾/分类广告/加工品/抛光地板/修订稿 Cooked shrimp/classified ads/processed products/polished floor/revised paper launch: start; send sth on tis course Beginning in the early 1960s, humans launched probes to explore other planets. 20世纪60年代早期， 人类就开始发射探测器探索其他星球 1957年10月4日，苏联科学家们发射了世界上第一颗人造卫星。 On October 4, 1957, Soviet scientists launched the world’s first artificial satellite. Hitler’s advisers tried to persuade him to avoid the risks of launching a winter campaign in the Soviet Union and wait until spring. 希特勒的军师们试图劝阻他冬天进攻苏联，风险大，让他等到春天。 engage: begin fighting with sb., take part in or do; occupy or attract sb’s interest , etc The commander ordered the soldiers to engage for our project. 指挥官命令士兵们执行我们的方案 We failed to engage any active support for our project. 我们的方案没能得到积极的支持 engage (sb.) in sth.: cause to take part in sth 他们目前正进行漫长的商业谈判 They are currently engaged in lengthy trade negotiations. The teacher tried to engage the shy boy in conversation. 老师试图让这个害羞的男孩开始交谈。 be engaged to sb 订婚 engagement n. 订婚 fiance fiancee take a gamble: take a risk She’s taking a gamble investing all her money in stocks. She knows an efficient and reliable broker is crucial to her wealth growth. 她冒着风险把所有的钱都买了股票。她知道要赚关键是要 有个高效可靠的经纪人。 gambler 赌徒 gambling house 赌场 minus: below zero; made less by; slightly lower than the mark stated Tomorrow’s temperature will be as low as minus ten degrees centigrade. 明天温度低至零下10摄氏度。 20 plus 10 is 30. 2 multiplied by/times 3 is 6. 30 divided by 3 is 10. calculation events name an event in that specific year 30÷2 ＋ 4 ×100 ＋ 50 － 5 = 1945 2) 50 － 10 ÷ 1 × 30 ＋ 800 ＋ 1 = 2001 3) 10,000 － 100 ÷ 50 × 5 ＋ 1007 = 1997 1) stroke: any of a series of repeated movements; single successful or effective action or occurrence ; blow 中风 I saw a chance of solving all my problems at a stroke.(一下子) 他一锤子把钉子敲进去了 He drove in a nail with one stroke of the hammer. He cried out at each stroke of the whip. 每抽一鞭子他都喊 a backhand stroke 反手击球 He won a car in the lottery last week. That is his first stroke of good luck. weaken v. cause to become weak or weaker weaken one’s willpower 削弱意志 Suffix -en strengthen the body 强壮身体 broaden the horizons 扩宽眼界 sharpen a knife 磨刀 tighten the collar 紧紧领子 loosen the grip 松开手 fasten seat belts 系紧安全带 加深理解 deepen the understanding 震耳欲聋 deafen the ears 涂黑空格 blacken the space 缩短距离 shorten the distance instruct: give orders or directions to sb — The family has instructed solicitors to sue Thomson for compensation. 一家人已经委托律师向汤姆森提出赔偿诉讼。 — The professor instructed us that we had one month to conduct the project. 教授指示我们有一个月的时间完成项目 — He instructed family members in nursing techniques. instructor n. 教师, <美>讲师 render: 1) cause sb or sth to be in a specified condition (same as make) — Hundreds of people were rendered homeless by the earthquake. 地震使上千人无家可归 他后颈上挨了一下 失去了知觉 — He was rendered unconscious by a blow on the back of the neck. — He was rendered almost speechless by the news. 这个消息使他简直无话可说 2) [fml] to give something to someone or do something, because it is your duty or because someone expects you to 给予；提供 — an obligation to render assistance to those in need 有义务给那些需要帮助的人提供帮助 — a bill of $3200 for services rendered (=for something you have done) 提供的服务共收费$3200 — I needed you to hear me out and render advice. 我要你听我说并要建议 offensive: n. aggressive action, attack — A major offensive was launched on August 22. 8月22日发起总攻 adj. 1) very rude or insulting, unpleasant 讨厌的, 无礼的 — He made crude jokes that are offensive to women. 他说的笑话对女性无礼 — There is an offensive smell in the room. 屋里有种难闻的味道 2) [only before noun] for attacking 攻击性的 — Jan was convicted of possessing an offensive weapon. 简因持有非法武器而被定罪 — The troops took up offensive positions. 部队占领了有攻击性的地势 offend vt. 冒犯 thanks to: because of — Thanks to her financial support, the two children in the remote village could go to school. 多亏她的资助，两个偏远农村孩子才能上学 — Some ski resorts opened early, thanks to a late-October snowstorm. 幸亏十月末的一场雪，某些滑雪场才得以提早开放。 Usage: More ways of saying “because of”: — We stayed inside on account of the rain. — His failure was due to his lack of work. (=He failed owing to his lack of work). He kicked the door out of bad temper. We lost the game through poor play. reckon: count; consider; think 认为，计算 The existence of the U. S. is reckoned from the Declaration of Independence. 人们认为美国这个国家是从发表《独立宣言》算起的 许多人认为他是一个伟大的垒球手 Many people reckon him to be a great basketball player. Looking up at the sun, I reckoned that it must be about three o’clock. 我抬头看看太阳，觉得一定有三点了 be reckoned with: be taken into consideration — All these problems had to be reckoned with as they arose. 所有问题一出现就必须考虑 这个赛季巴塞罗那的力量不可忽视 — Barcelona will be a force to be reckoned with this season. toll : the number of people or animals killed or injured in particular circumstances ; money paid for the use of a bridge or road The toll of road deaths and injuries is on the rise. 公路上交通伤亡数目在上升 The local government was allowed to charge tolls for the use of the roads. 允许当地政府收道路使用费 take its/ a toll: cause damage; injuries or deaths ( often followed by of/on) High wages have taken their toll on the Swedish economy. 高薪使瑞典的经济受损。 他工作过于努力伤到了胃 His hard work has taken its toll on his stomach. fill in proper adverbs: on off up down in out away 1) How much longer is the meeting going to drag on ? 2) The practice of children working in factories has nearly died out . 3) I’ve been hammering away at the problem all afternoon. 4) The ring has been handed down in my family for generations. 5) All the windows were locked up tight. 6) Our school authorities are keen to press on with educational reform. 7) The tide is coming in so don’t stay on the sand too long. 8) Some trapped animals bite off their legs to escape. Discussion: Man or nature, which is more powerful? Napoleon Bonaparte 1. A Brief Introduction to Napoleon Bonaparte 2. The Battle of Waterloo A Brief Introduction to Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte (1769−1821) Emperor of the French, who consolidated and institutionalized many reforms of the French Revolution. One of the greatest military commanders of all time, he conquered the larger part of Europe. During 1802--1815 Napoleon tried to gain control of the whole of Europe. He had great success against all his enemies except Britain, whose navy under Nelson defeated the French navy at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, and whose army fought the Peninsular War against him from 1808 to 1814, making him weaker in his other campaigns. Nelson A Brief Introduction to Napoleon Bonaparte In 1812 Napoleon lost half a million men when he invaded Russia in winter, and in 1814 the British, Russians, Prussians and Austrians entered Paris. They sent Napoleon to rule the island of Elba in the Mediterranean, but he collected an army around him and returned to Paris. He was soon defeated again, at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, and was sent to the island of St. Helena in the south Atlantic, where he died in 1821. the Battle of Trafalgar the Battle of Waterloo The Battle of Waterloo is the final and decisive action of the Napoleonic Wars, which effectively ended French domination of the European continent and brought about drastic changes in the political boundaries and the power balance of Europe. Fought on June 18, 1815, near Waterloo, in what is now Belgium, the battle ranks as a great turning point in modern history. World War II 1. Chronology of the War 2. A Brief Introduction to the War 3. Adolf Hitler 4. Joseph Stalin Chronology of the War Date September 1, 1939 Event The Second World War in Europe started with German armies pouring across the Polish frontier. April, 1940 Denmark and Norway were conquered. Hitler’s troops drove into France and May 10, 1940 within the following six weeks, Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg had surrendered as had France. June 22, 1941 Hitler launched his long-term attack on the Soviet Union. September, 1942 A decisive battle was fought at Stalingrad, ~February, 1943 which was the turning point of the war. 2-1 Chronology of the War Date Event The U. S. A. entered the war after December, 1941 Japanese planes bombed the American naval base at Pearl Harbor. American, British and Canadian forces June 6, 1944 landed in Normandy and opened the second front in Europe. May 2, 1945 The Soviet army took Berlin. May 7, 1945 Germany surrendered. 2-2 A Brief Introduction to Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (1889? 1945): German political and military leader and one of the 20th century's most powerful dictators. Hitler converted Germany into a fully militarized society and launched World War II in 1939. He made anti-Semitism a keystone of his propaganda and policies and built the Nazi Party into a mass movement. He hoped to conquer the entire world, and for a time dominated most of Europe and much of North Africa. He instituted sterilization and euthanasia measures to enforce his idea of racial purity among the German people and slaughtered millions of Jews, Sinti and Roma (Gypsies), Slavic peoples, and many others, all of whom he considered inferior. II ■ Joseph Stalin Joseph Stalin (1879? 1953): General secretary of the Communist Party of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (1922? 1953) and chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1941? 1953). Under his leadership the USSR was built into a modern economic and military power that repelled Hitler's armies in World War II and rivaled the United States during the Cold War period. II ■ Part Division of the Text Part 1 2 3 4 Lines 1~12 Main Ideas Introduction -- Both Napoleon’s and Hitler’s military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter. 13~62 Napoleon’s military campaign against Russia. Hitler’s military campaign against the 63~113 Soviet Union. Conclusion -- The elements of nature 114~117 must be reckoned with in any military campaign. True or False 1. “The icy defender” refers to the Russian river. ( F ) “The icy defender” refers to the bleak Russian winter. 2. Napoleon and his troops gained the quick victory in Russia as they had expected. ( F ) To Napoleon’s surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. They retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. 3. Napoleon didn’t capture the capital of Russia. ( F ) Napoleon captured the capital of Russia: Moscow. 2-1 True or False 4. Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history. ( T ) 5. German troops adopted scorch-earth policy when they entered Russia. ( F ) Stalin instructed the Russian people to burn and destroy farms and factories. 6. Hitler failed to capture Moscow because of the strong resistance from Russian people. ( F ) Hitler failed to capture Moscow because of the severe winter in Russia. 2-2 Questions and Answers 1. What happened to Napoleon’s Grand Army when it was retreating from Moscow? The Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French from fields and forests. On the other hand, the temperature dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius and Napoleon’s army didn’t have enough clothes, food and shelter. 2. Why didn’t the Russian people defend their homeland in the face of Napoleon’s offensive? They would like to take advantage of their nature situation to fight for them. 3-1 Questions and Answers 3. What tactics did Hitler use in his invasion of the Soviet Union? He planned to use the tactics called blitzkrieg, or “lightning war”, which had defeated the rest of Europe. 4. What was the significance of the battle of Stalingrad? It was one of the most important battles. It ended Germany's ongoing offensive against the Soviet Union, and along with the second Battle of El Alamein paved the way for Nazi Germany's eventual defeat. 3-2 Questions and Answers 5. What conclusion does the author draw from Napoleon’s and Hitler’s military campaigns? The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. 3-3 Text analysis Text Analysis A Comparison-and-Contrast Analysis of the Two Invasions Invading country Country invaded France Germany Russia Soviet Union Starter of war Napoleon Hitler Starting time of invasion Spring, 1812 6/22/1941 Strength of invading force Prediction 600,000 the largest land campaign in history quick victory, Blitzkrieg (lightning conquest of Russia war), lasting no in 5 weeks longer than 3 months 3-1 Text Analysis A Comparison-and-Contrast Analysis of the Two Invasions refusing to stand and “scorch the earth”, Initial resistance fight; retreating fierce fight to defend strategy eastwards, burning major cities crops and homes Capture of the Russian capital yes no Major battles Smolensk, Borodino, Leningrad, Stalingrad the Berezina River Truce offer by Napoleon, rejected by the Czar no 3-2 Text Analysis A Comparison-and-Contrast Analysis of the Two Invasions Biggest enemy for the invading force Turning point Fate of the invading force War-starter’s fate snow, freezing temperature heavy rain, “General Mud”, snow, freezing temperature October 1812 when 1943, when the Soviet Napoleon ordered a troops pushed the retreat German forces back only 100, 000 survived Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end heavy losses Hitler committed suicide, his empire collapsing 3-3 The Icy Defender 1 In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow-the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter. 2 In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitler’s military might was unequaled. The Icy Defender 1 In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow-the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter. 2 In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched 1. What is “the devastating enemy” of Napoleon? an attack against the bitter, Sovietbleak Union, as Russia was “The raw, Russian winter”then is in apposition called. Hitler’s military might was unequaled. to “the devastating enemy”. “That met him in Moscow” is an attributive clause used to modify “enemy”. 2. Translate it into Chinese. 他准备好俄罗斯人民会为保卫祖国而奋勇抵抗。他准备 好在俄罗斯广袤的国土上要经过长途跋涉才能进军首都莫斯 科。但他没有料到在莫斯科他会遭遇劲敌 —— 俄罗斯阴冷 凄苦的寒冬。 The Icy Defender 1 In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow-the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter. 2 In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitler’s military might was unequaled. The Icy Defender 1 In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow-the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter. 2 In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched 翻译：希特勒的军事实力堪称无敌。 an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitler’s military might was unequaled. His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers. Napoleon’s Campaign 3 In the spring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia. The soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped. This military force was called the Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks. His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon to destroy in great numbers as if before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter in battle (铲除; 摧毁). again came to the aid of cutting the Sovietdown soldiers. Napoleon’s Campaign 3 In the spring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia. The soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped. This military force was called the Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks. Shortly afterwards, Napoleon’s army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines. In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. Shortly afterwards, Napoleon’s army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated ☆ Please pay attention to the structure “to one’seastward, + abstract burning theirascrops homes as they went. The Grand Army noun”, in “to and one’s astonishment”, “to one’s delight”, “to one’s disappointment”, “to one’s embarrassment”. followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines. See P19 Structure In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. 8 Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow. 9 The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter’s first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile. ☆ Some intransitive verbs like fall, lie, sit, drop and stand can be followed by an adjective which describes the subject of the sentence instead of the action of the verb, as in: Parasoon 6：By nightfall, 8 Napoleon realized he thirty couldthousand not feed,French clothe,and andfortyfour thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on … quarter his army in Johnsy Moscowfellduring the ill, winter. In October When seriously she seemed to lose the 1812, he ordered his Grand to retreat from Moscow. will to hang on toArmy life. (The Last Leaf) Thisretreat is not a placeinto in which one so good Miss 9 The French turned a nightmare. Fromas fields should lielaunched sick. (Thehit-and-run Last Leaf) attacks on and forests,Johnsy the Russians P 16 III distance Usage from Moscow, the temperature the French. A short had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter’s first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile. Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive to a halt. 17 By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to give up Stalingrad. 18 In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter. Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive to a halt. does bring the tophrase a halt:“turn stop the completely tide (against)” mean? 17 By theWhat summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. --Air traffic in Poland had like been brought a halt(彻底改 by an It means “change what looks defeat intotovictory In the south, 变形势，扭转潮流, the Germans captured Sevastopol. air traffic controllers’ strike. Hitler then pushed east 反败为胜) to Stalingrad, --The a great industrial city thatbrought stretched 48by kilometers appearance --Our journey of was Joan of Arc turned to afor halt the tide a storm. of war.along the Volga River. Despite suffering,turned Sovietthe defenders refused give --The victorygreat in Stalingrad tide of the war intoEurope. up Stalingrad. 18 In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter. After Reading 1. Useful Expressions 2. Blank Filling 4. Discussion 5. Talk about the Pictures 6. Proverbs and Quotations Useful Expressions 1. 骄兵必败 pride comes before a fall 2. 战无不胜 nothing could stand in their way 3. 奋勇抵抗 fierce resistance 4. 堪称无敌 be unequaled 5. 痛苦的教训 a painful lesson 6. 速决速胜 a quick, decisive victory 3-1 Useful Expressions 7. 面临着一个重要抉择 be faced with a crucial decision 8. 孤注一掷 take the gamble 9. 激战 fierce battle 10. 等待时机 bide one’s time 11. 向…提出停战 offer a truce to 12. 成为一场噩梦 turn into a nightmare 3-2 Useful Expressions 13. 拖着脚步行进 drag on 14. 溃不成军的幸存者 the tattered survivors 15. 不宣而战 without a declaration of war 16. 闪电式战略 lightning war 17. “焦土”政策 “scorch the earth” 18. 处境变得危急 the situation becomes desperate 19. 食品匮乏 food runs out 3-3 Blank Filling Fill in each blank in the following paragraph with the appropriate words and phrases from the text. invasion of When Hitler decided to launch his __________ _____________ in the way Russia, he thought that nothing could stand Conquest , it seemed, was inevitable. He of his armies. ________ _______ Stalin ___________ off his guard had surprise on his side, catching by launching declaration of war. Hitler ________ his attack without a _________ campaign to last only a few months. In the expected the _________ event, it was to drag _______ on for much longer. Like Napoleon _____ before him, he had made a fatal mistake in failing to reckon ___ the severity of the Russian weather. Many German with soldiers were to _______ die from the cold as winter set in, _______ bringing the German advance _______ to a halt ． Proverbs and Quotations 1. An army marches on its stomach. 兵马未动，粮草先行。 2. He that forecasts all perils, will never sail the sea. 担惊受怕者航不了海。/ 懦者事之贼。 3. Either by might or by sleight. 不动武，就斗智。