Transcript Chapter 24: World War II: The Road to War

Chapter 24: World War II: The
Road to War
(1931 – 1941)
I.
Post World War I
A. Good Neighbor Policy
B. Europe & Rise of Totalitarianism
* Italy & Mussolini
* Germany & Hitler
* Soviet Union & Stalin
C. Japan
* Meiji Restoration… Manchuria
II.
Events Leading to World War II
A. Record of Aggression: Chart
* Appeasement: to give in to a potential enemy to
keep the peace
* Stimson Doctrine
* 1938: Munich Pact / Munich Conference
II.
Events Leading to WWII
B. Causes of World War II
1. Totalitarianism
2. Militarism
3. Nationalism
4. Imperialism
5. Failure of Appeasement & League of Nations
6. American Neutrality
II.
Events Leading to WWII
C. US Neutrality Legislation
1. Neutrality Act of 1935
* Senator Gerald Nye & Nye Committee
* Bankers: “merchants of death”
* Act: arms embargo & prohibit US citizens from
traveling on ships to war area: Why?
2. Neutrality Act of 1936
* Extend embargo another year
* Prohibit loans to nations at war
II.
Events Leading to WWII
C. US Neutrality Legislation
3. FDR’s Quarantine Speech
* 1937: Japan invades China
* Urges US to join other powers to check
aggression… “quarantine” in order to
protect the world
* Starts to signal a change…
III. The US Moves Towards War
Introduction…
A. Neutrality Act of 1937
* “Cash & Carry Provision”
* 1939: weapons ok
B. “Destroyers for Bases” (Sept ‘40)
* America First Committee
* Charles Lindbergh
C. Peacetime Conscription (Sept 1940)
III. The US Moves Towards War
D. Four Freedoms
* Part of State of Union Address… “Great Arsenal of
Democracy”
1. Freedom of Expression
2. Freedom to Worship God
3. Freedom From Want
4. Freedom From Fear
…Everywhere!
Norman Rockwell’s The Four
Freedoms
III. The US Moves Towards War
E. Lend-Lease (Feb 1941)
F. The Atlantic Charter (August 1941)
1. US & Britain: no territorial gains
2. People should choose own govt
3. Disarmament
4. Freedom of seas; from want & fear
5. Territorial Adjustments
6. Association of Nations… foundation of UN
IV. Japan’s Attack on Pearl Harbor
“Day that will live in infamy…”
While Japanese & US diplomats negotiated…
Why?
1. Assure Japanese domination
2. Humble US…
3. Part of Axis… would have to limit aid to Britain
Chapter 25: World War II
I.
The US Organizes for Victory
A.Introduction… Allies v. Axis (chart); “Germany
First”
B.Economic Mobilization *** Federal Govt Expand
1. War Production Board
* Shift from peace to war economy
2. War Labor Board
* Labor/ Management; no strike pledges
I.
The US Organizes for Victory
B. Economic Mobilization
3. Office of Price Administration
* Rationing/ ration booklet
4. Treasury Department
* Federal spending increased from $8.9 billion
(1939) to $95.2 billion (1945)
5. Office of War Information
“Don’t you know there’s a war
going on?”
II.
Major Events of World War II
A. Chart of Events & Maps
Add: Bataan Death March (1942)
* 78,000 POW… 10,000 died on 65m march
“Island Hopping” w/ MacArthur…
II.
Major Events of WWII
B. Wartime Diplomacy
1. Atlantic Charter (1941)
2. Casablanca (1943)
“Victory on all Fronts”… “Unconditional
Surrender”
3. Cairo (1943)
* FDR, Churchill,
Chiang Kai-shek
II.
Major Events of WWII
B. Wartime Diplomacy
4. Tehran Conference (1943)
* FDR, Churchill, Stalin… 2nd Front
5. Yalta Conference (1945)
* Churchill, FDR, Stalin
* Division of Germany into spheres of influence
* Promises, Promises: trials, elections, Japan
* Controversial…
II.
Major Events of WWII
B. Wartime Diplomacy
6. Potsdam Conference (1945)
* Churchill, Stalin, and Truman
II.
Major Events of WWII
C. The Atomic Bomb
* Manhattan Project… Enola Gay
* August 6 (Hiroshima); August 9 (Nagasaki)
* Why Drop?
* Effects: Atomic Age
II.
Major Events of WWII
D. The Holocaust
War Refugee Board… genocide
III. The Home Front
A. Women
* WACs v. Rosie the Riveter
B. African Americans
* Tuskegee Airmen
* Executive Order 8802: outlaw discrimination in govt
* Executive Order 9981: end racial segregation in military
III. The Home Front
C. Japanese Americans
* Wartime Relocation Authority (WRA)
* Korematsu v. US (1944)
* Nisei Soldiers
IV. The Legacy of WWII
A.
B.
C.
D.
The Nuremberg Trials
“DeNazification”
The Occupation of Japan: MacArthur
The United Nations
Chart… Universal Declaration of Human Rights
V.
Post War America
Introduction… demobilization
A. Truman’s “Fair Deal”
Intro…
1. The GI Bill of Rights
2. Employment Act of 1946
* Council of Economic Advisors
3. Taft-Hartley Act (1947)
* Cooling off; closed shop; “right to work” laws
4. National Security Act (1947): CIA
VI. Post War America
B. Baby Boom