Transcript Slide 1
THE USA ENTERS WWII Pearl Harbor War in the Pacific D-Day Invasion of Europe THE WAR IN EUROPE - 1941 • Hitler Fighting a 2 FRONT WAR • Violated treaty with Stalin & Russia • Stalin joins Allies • Nazis secretly exterminating Jews in camps THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC - 1941 • Empire of Japan invades China, Thailand, Burma, Indonesia & Most Pacific islands • USA not focused on Pacific Theatre PEARL HARBOR Sunday, December 7, 1941 • Sailors calmly relaxing on a beautiful Sunday Morning • Japan breaks off diplomatic talks with USA • Airplane squadron launches attack from carriers 230 miles N • 183 planes in first wave Pearl Harbor Port • Ships docked in harbor poorly • Clustered together • Perfect targets • Aircraft carriers out on maneuvers – not in harbor during attack ATTACK BEGINS • Radar reports dismissed as our own planes • USS Ward fires on Japanese Submarine entering Pearl Harbor • Report of this delayed • Japanese achieve surprise attack THE BOMBING • Attack begins about 7:53 a.m. • Japanese command “Tora!! Tora!! Tora!! (Tiger, Tiger, Tiger) • Japan hits several US Destroyers trapped in the harbor • Attack lasts about 2 hours USS ARIZONA • High Altitude Bomber drops Armor Piercing Bomb penetrates into ship’s ammo storage • Bomb explodes and rips the ship in two • 1,177 sailors die instantly SECOND WAVE ATTACK • 167 more planes attack • Anti-Aircraft fire returned this time • President Roosevelt informed of the attack • Pearl Harbor Hospital overwhelmed with dead and wounded ATTACK FAILURES • 2,390 killed • US Destroyer Fleet severely damaged – 19 ships sunk or heavily damaged • US Hurt but not Crippled • Aircraft Carriers escape attack • Oil fields & repair yards NOT hit USS ARIZONA MEMORIAL USA DECLARES WAR ON JAPAN December 8, 1941 • FDR on Pearl Harbor- “A Day that will live in Infamy” • China also declares war on Japan • Hitler makes second big mistake of war – Germany declares war on USA • Hitler expected Japan to declare war on Russia – Japan did not USA HOMEFRONT MOBILIZES • With men going into the Army, Women go to work in the factories • “Rosie the Riveter” campaign to promote spirit • 6 million women enter the work force in factories– drastic social change THE TUSKEGEE AIRMEN • Most African Americans serving in WWII in segregated units (1 million) • Tuskegee, Alabama school to train Black Pilots • 600 Pilots made it into combat – helped begin to break down segregation in Armed Forces Germany Before Japan - 1942 1. Germany more threatening to Allies than Japan – England worn out 2. German science more likely to build new weapons 3. Stalin screaming for a second front to help Russia OPERATION BARBAROSSA June 22, 1941 • Largest invasion in History- 3 million men • Nazis pour into Russia • Destroy everything • As Russians retreat, they use “Scorched Earth” • Nazis have nothing to live on • Nazis stall at Moscow and Stalingrad RUSSIA IN TROUBLE • Stalin is a paranoid control freak • Has murdered many top Soviet Generals in fear of a coup • 2 Facts save Russia: • Nazis underestimate size of Russian Army • Russian Winter THE CONFERENCES • Allies get together several times during the war: • Feb. 1943 Casablanca • Agree to invade Italy • Nov. 1943 Teheran • Agree on D-Day time • Feb. 1945 Yalta • How to Handle Germany • July 1945 Potsdam • Europe carved up NORTH AFRICA CAMPAIGN Axis Powers trying to capture vital Suez Canal Nazi General Erwin Rommel “Desert Fox” can’t capture Egypt Allies land in Morocco, British push Axis out of Egypt Nazis Defeated between Allies in Tunisia Germany surrenders in N. Africa May 13, 1943 INVASION OF SICILY July 10, 1943 First assault on Europe Invasion led by Gen. George S. Patton Island captured in a month 40,000 Germans escape to Italy ALLIES INVADE ITALY Sept. 9, 1943 – June 4, 1944 • Land at Salerno and face stiff German resistance • Capture Naples on Oct. 1 • 5 Month Siege of Rome ends 2 days before DDay MUSSOLINI OUSTED • Italy’s collapse ends fascist rule in Italy • Mussolini briefly runs shadow Gov’t in N. Italy, 1944 • Mussolini and mistress caught trying to flee to Switzerland • Executed by Italian Communists, April 28, 1945 D-DAY June 6, 1944 • “Operation Overlord” • Allies invade France at Normandy • Faked Hitler to think invasion would come from Dover to Calais D-Day Invasion • 4,000 ships & 3 • • million troops assault the Nazi “Atlantic Wall” Led by Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower US lands primarily at Omaha and Utah beaches General Eisenhower talks to troops on the morning of D-Day