Transcript File

World War Two
1939
Bombing of
Pearl Harbor
December 7,
1941
1941
D-Day
June 6,
1944
Invasion
of Poland
Septemb
er 1939
1944
VE Day
May 8,
1945
Atomic
Bomb
Aug 6&9
Aug 9
1945
Iwo Jima
Okinawa
Declaration of War
December 8, 1941
“A date which will
live in infamy”
Domestic reactions to
major WWII events
Liberation of
Death Camps Buchenwald,
Dora-Mittelbau,
Flossenbuerg,
Dachau, and
Mauthausen
camps
“It Ain’t What it Used to Be”
1. What does Uncle Sam’s turning his
back on Europe show about American
attitudes in the late 1930s?
 2. What US policy does the cartoon
imply?
 Why might the Atlantic Ocean have
appeared to shrink in the late 1930s?

Neutrality Acts 1935
Feelings about WWI
 Spirit of Isolationism
 Outlaws arms sales and loans to nations at
war

Cash and Carry

Allowed belligerent nations to purchase
arms from American producers – as long
as they paid cash and transported them
on their own ships.

Britain = our BFF ran out of funds.
The Axis of Eviil.
Tripartite Pact – “Axis Powers”
 Germany, Italy, and Japan
 September 27, 1940


Lend-Lease March 1941
– Allowed transfer of military
equipment and supplies.
– FDR compared plan to lending a
garden hose to a neighbor whose
house was on fire.

Do you think the Cash and Carry and Lend
Lease programs compromised American
neutrality in the early stages of World War
Two?
1941
http://cairsweb.llgc.org.u
k/images/ilw1/ilw0259.gif
Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
Germany and Soviet Union promise to
remain neutral in the event of third party
aggression
 Remained in place until 1941: Operation
Barbarossa
 UH-OH!

Four Freedoms and The Atlantic
Charter

http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrthefourfreedoms.ht
m
– Listen and then answer the following
questions
1. Of the four freedoms listed by
Roosevelt, which do you think people of
the 1940s would have considered most
important? Why? Today?
Norman Rockwell
The Saturday Evening
Post
The Atlantic Charter
AUGUST 14, 1941
Read the Charter
and with a
partner
answer the
following:
How does the
Atlantic
Charter reflect
some of the
ideals of the
“Four
Freedoms”?
Why Pearl Harbor?
Sept 1940: US placed embargo on Japan
 April 1941: Japanese sign neutrality
agreement with USSR – in the event of
war with USA/GB
 June-July 1941: Japanese occupation of
Indochina – FROZEN ASSETS!
 November 29, 1941: General Tojo Hideki
sets last day of settlement without war
 Sweep of Burma, Malaya – Greatest
concern? U.S. Pacific Fleet

Let’s see some pics from Pearl
Harbor!
FDR
addresses the nation
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrpe
arlharbor.htm

Locate examples in the speech of
techniques for enhancing a speech, such
as the use of repetition, emotionally
charged words, appeal to self
preservation, and the assurance of moral
superiority
A woman worker inspects
bomb casings at an
Omaha defense plant,
1944.
Norman Rockwell, Rosie the
Riveter (1943)
Victory in Europe
Fall 1944: German military situation
hopeless
 December 1944: Battle of the Bulge

– 10 days of heavy fighting
– Final German offensive of the war
Pushed Germans to the Rhine River
 April 30: Hitler suicide
 German surrender on May 8, 1945


May 8,
1945

When Allied troops
advanced into Germany in
the spring of 1945, they
came face to face with
Hitler’s “final solution of
the Jewish question”: the
extermination camps
where 6 million Jews had
been put to death, along
with another 6 million
Poles, Slaves, Gypsies,
homosexuals, and other
“undesirables.”
American History pg. 856
Nazi Holocaust

Document Analysis Packet
The War in the Pacific
Defeat in Europe shifts focus to Japan
 Early 1942 = grim news
 May 7-8, 1942: Battle of Coral Sea

– Halted Japanese advance against Australia

June 1942: Midway
– Island of midway
– Inflicted major damage on Japanese fleet
General Douglas MacArthur and Admiral
Chester W. Nimitz adopt plan of “island
hopping”
 Goal = win strategic positions essential for
an eventual direct assault against Japan
 Guadalcanal
 Tarawa

Yalta Conference
FDR, Churchill, and Stalin
 February 11, 1945
 Soviet participation in Pacific theater
 Unconditional Surrender!
 Future of Germany

– Responsibility of war reparations
– Postwar governing of Germany
Agreements Made
War criminals
 Occupation of Germany
 Establish United Nations
 Soviets keep territory and eastern Europe
will have Democratic Governments friendly
to Soviets
 Soviet promise to enter Pacific theater

TRIVIA QUESTION:
Where was this
picture taken?
Mount
Suribachi
during the
battle at Iwo
Jima!
Why Iwo?

•Operation Detachment
660 miles from Japan
Facts
74 days of bombardment (November
1944)
 Operation Detachment

– February 1945
– Amphibious landing of US troops
– Mount Suribachi and airfield
– February 23, 1945 marines reached the top of
Mount Suribachi
Strategic Location
Heavily fortified: 100,000
Japanese troops
 Operation Iceberg
 April 1, 1945
 Japanese leaders desperate


– Fight to the death

Last major battle of WWII
– Reinforced belief that mainland
invasion would have high human
death toll
Okinawa: The last Battle
Manhattan Project
1 month after Pearl
Harbor – FDR gives
permission to begin secret
development
 1945: enough material to
make bomb
 July 1945 Trinity Atomic
Test

A - Bomb
Manhattan Project
“Little Boy” Hiroshima August
6, 1945
 “Fat man” Nagasaki August 9,
1945
 August 14: Japanese
surrender


Bomb Estimates
Hiroshima
Nagasaki
Pre-raid
population
Dead
255,000
195,000
66,000
39,000
Injured
69,000
25,000

Approximately how many casualties resulted from the
bombings at Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

What occupations do you think these people held?
Question.
Do you think the United States was
justified in using the bomb against the
Japanese?
 In a paragraph, explain why or why not.

Japanese Internment


Executive Order 9066
The order set into
motion the exclusion
from certain areas, and
the evacuation and
mass incarceration of
120,000 persons of
Japanese ancestry
living on the West
Coast, most of whom
were U.S. citizens or
legal permanent
resident aliens
– PBS
Internment
Camps
•112,000 Japanese Americans
•Cracks in relocation policy
•Seasonal agricultural
workers
•College students
•442nd Infantry Combat Team
•Constitutionality upheld until
1988
•Korematsu v. United States
(1944)
•Public apology
•$20,000 to the 60,000 living
survivors
Question.
Using what you know about FDR how
consistent is Executive Order 9066 with
his previous actions as president? Does
this change your view of him as president?
As a man? In your mind does this change
his legacy?
 The island contained 3 airstrips that the
Japanese had been using for their
Kamikaze attacks.
 The airfields would provide a base for
