Transcript Describe the Invasion of Poland.

WWII
World War II
Begins
Section 13.2
Mr. Reilly when students don’t know their learning objectives.
Agenda for Today
• 13.2 Slide Show
• Write Headline
and paragraph
about the Fall of
France
• Homework
– Finish Newspaper
paragraph by
Thursday
Let’s Review
• Treaty that ended WWI
– How did it treat Germany?
• What did the Nazis believe (Their ideology)?
• How did British Prime Minister Chamberlain
handle Hitler’s demands for the Sudetenland?
• What was the Molotov-Ribbentrop (NonAggression) Pact?
• Why did Hitler find this treaty important?
• What happened on September 1, 1939?
Objectives
Mr. Reilly, don’t cry. By the end of this lesson I
will be able to:
• Describe the invasion of Poland in
September of 1939 and how the German
Blitzkrieg overwhelmed Polish forces
• Define and describe the ineffectiveness of
the Maginot Line of France
• Explain the importance of the Miracle of
Dunkirk and how the British Army was
saved
• Describe the Fall of France and write a
headline describing this event
Hitler Attacks
Describe the Invasion of Poland.
• Hitler claimed Polish soldiers had
attacked German radio station
• Used this as an excuse to invade
Poland Sept. 1, 1939
• Blitzkrieg (lightning war)
– Germany’s New technique of war
– Used speed & concentrated spearhead attack to overwhelm
opponents with planes, tanks,
soldiers
– Polish army unable to hold off
Germany
– Poland surrendered 29 days after
war began
• Great Britain and France declared
war on Germany
Why march this way?
The Invasion of Poland
What does Poland’s geography lack that could have
protected them?
Poland collapsed in less than 1 month. But France was
confident. Why?
British
Army
The
Ardennes
The
Alps
The Maginot Line
What was the Maginot Line? Did it work?
• Series of massive French fortresses
along German border
• AKA French Wall of China
• Believed to be impenetrable
• Flanked in north by Ardennes Forest
– Ardennes thought to be too dense
for tanks to travel
• German army bypassed Maginot
Line and marched through Ardennes
Forest
– invaded Low Countries
(Netherlands, Luxembourg,
Belgium) on May 10, 1940
– Caught British and French totally
by surprise
• German army had both armies
trapped
The Nazis had
the entire BEF
(British
Expeditionary
Force) trapped
on the beach of
Dunkirk.
Hitler gave the British two choices. Surrender and he
would demand no territory from them. Fight and he would
destroy the country. What would you do?
What happened at Dunkirk?
• British army (330 thousand) were
trapped on beach near town of
Dunkirk
• Hitler had chance to crush British and
win the war
– Delayed by attacks from Royal Air
force
• Winston Churchill
– New British Prime Minister called
on British people to save the army
• The Miracle of Dunkirk
– Hundreds of civilian and military
vessels evacuated entire British
Army
– Saved the Allies and Great Britain
(and possibly the US)
Click for Churchill Speech
How is this different from
Chamberlain?
Describe the fall of Paris in June of 1940.
• After Dunkirk, French Army was
devastated
• French government fled Paris as
German Army approached
• French generals agreed to surrender
Paris without a fight
– Why?
• German soldiers “goose-stepped”
down Champs Elysées as citizens
looked on in shocked silence
• France surrendered June 14,1940
• Only a weakened Great Britain
stood in Hitler’s way to total victory
Europe 1940
Newspaper Headline
• Write a headline,
subheading and
paragraph that reflects
the historical moment of
this photograph.
Citizen of Paris watching German army march
down Champs Elysées June 1940
Today’s Agenda
• Collect Headline/ Paragraph & Return other
headline
• Continue 13.2
• Homework
– Begin research on you HIPE Presentation
– Be a Great American and do something nice for
someone
Today’s Objectives:
• Define the Blitz and list ways in which the
RAF were able to overcome it (Blitz)
• Define and describe the platforms of the
isolationists and the interventionists
• Describe the Lend-Lease program and how
it drew the US closer to war
• List America’s responses to Japan’s
aggression
Hitler’s Road to War
-WW I
Ends
-Treaty of
Versailles
1918
1921
Hitler leads
unsucessful
Coup
German
economy in
hyperinflation
-Mein Kamf
1923
1928
General Franco
seizes power
from Socialists
in Spain
-Hitler later
sends military
aid
Hitler takes
Austria and
Sudentenland
Munich Pact
brings “Peace
for our time.”
NOT
1931 1933
-NAZI party
gains seats in
Reichstag
-Wall Street
Crashes (1929)
Hitler appointed
Chancellor
-Becomes
Fuehrer when
Hindenburg dies
1938
1939
-Miracle of
Dunkirk
-France
Surrenders
-England
stands
alone
against
Germany
1940
-Germany signs
Non Aggression
Pact with USSR
-Hitler invades
Poland
What General Weygand
has called Battle of
France is over ... the
Battle of Britain is about
to begin.“
— Winston Churchill
The Blitz
Describe the Battle of Britain.
• Hitler wanted to invade England
but needed control of the air before
he could send ships across English
Channel
• Battle of Britain
– Air war over England between
the Royal Air Force (RAF) and
the Luftwaffe
• RAF had advantages
– Spitfire fighter plane was
slower than German
Messerschmitt but more
maneuverable
– RAF had more skilled pilots
– Radar
• Alerted RAF to incoming
German planes
– Code Breaking (Enigma)
machine
“Never in the field of human
conflict was so much owed by so
many to so few.”
Churchill Referring to RAF saving
England
What was the Blitz?
• German Air force unable to gain
control of skies over England
– Hitler resorted to nighttime
bombing
• The Blitz
– Period of intense nighttime
bombing raids by Germany air
force on Great Britain
– From Sept. 1940-May 1941
• Results
– Entire cities leveled
– 40 thousand deaths
• 20 thousand in London
alone)
• But
– Did not demoralize British
people
– Did not hamper British
production of war materials
– Ended Hitler’s plan to invade
England
Europe in
May 1941
Describe the Interventionist and Isolationist programs.
Interventionists
• Wanted
America to give
material support
to GB but not
declare war of
Germany
– Ships,
weapons,
loans
• Committee to
Defend America
Isolationists
• Wanted America
to stay out of
European war
• America First
Committee
• Supported by
pacifist, socialists,
Democrats, and
Republicans
• Members included
Hoover, Frank
Lloyd Wright,
Charles Lindberg
Describe the issues surrounding the 1940 Presidential
Election.
• FDR
– broke 2 term tradition of
Washington by running
• Major campaign issue
– Strong isolationist and noninterventionism sentiment in nation
• FDR
– promised to keep US out of war if
elected
– But transferred 50 old destroyers to
GB (in return for naval bases)
– signed Selective Training and
Service Act
• First peacetime draft in US
history
– Secretly “sold” thousand of rifles to
British after Dunkirk
Cramps Ship Yard, Port Richmond,
Philadelphia
Explain the point of view of this
political cartoon (1940).
What was Operation Barbarossa 6/22/ 1941?
• Operation Barbarossa
– German invasion of the
Soviet Union
• Broke the Molotov Ribbentrop
Pact
• Goals were to get:
– Oil of Caucasus region
– Wheat of Ukraine
– Lebensraum for Germans
• 3 million German soldiers
caught Soviet Army totally by
surprise
• By Fall of 1941 German army
– Within 25 miles of Moscow
– Surrounded city of Leningrad
– In city of Stalingrad
Describe the Lend-Lease Act & how it drew the US
closer to war.
• Gave president right to sell,
lend, lease weapons to Allies
(including USSR)
• $50 billion to Allies
– Lindberg- protested aid to
USSR
• “barbaric & godless”
– FDR countered
• ‘If a neighbor’s house
were on fire, you would
loan that person your
garden hose without
worrying about the
price.’
“If Hitler invaded Hell, I would at
least make a favorable reference to
the Devil in the House of
Commons”
Winston Churchill
Describe the Atlantic Charter and its goals.
• Agreement between FDR
and Churchill
– plan for the post war
world
• Influenced by Wilson’s
Fourteen Points
• Called for
– Freedom of nations
– Free from fear
– Freedom from aggression
– Formation of the United
Nations
• international
organization to protect
security of others
Describe FDR’s response to Japan’s aggression in
Asia?
• Ordered embargo on raw
materials for war against Japan
– Scrap metal, aviation fuel,
chemicals, machine parts,
oil
• US supplied 80% of oil
• Froze Japanese assets in US
and ended all trade (July of
1941)
• Results
– Japan was furious
– Joined Alliance with
Germany and Italy called
the Axis Powers
To die for Emperor and Nation is the highest hope of a
military man. After a brave hard fight the blossoms
are scattered on the fighting field. But if a person
wants to take a life instead, still the fighting man will
go to eternity for Emperor and country. One man's life
or death is a matter of no importance. All that matters
is the Empire.
• Admiral Yamamoto of Japanese Navy
What happened on December 7, 1941?
• Japanese planes bombed American
military base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
• Attack planned by Japanese Admiral
Yamamoto
– Had been educated in America
– Knew US industrial power
– Hoped for a sudden knockout punch to
America’s fleet
• Especially the Aircraft Carrier ships
– Believed America was filled with
selfish individuals afraid and unwilling
to die for their country
– Would force America to resume trade
– Yamamoto later said
• “I fear we have awaken a sleeping
giant.”
A Day that will live in Infamy