Transcript 1/6 WWII Day 1


Welcome Back!
Please sit wherever you like.
You will need to take notes today.
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A World in Flames
(1931-1941)
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Unit Assessment

 Socrative Seminar
 Research and prepare for Socratic Seminar on whether
the use of the Atomic Bomb by the U.S. at the end of
WWII was necessary and ethical.
 Argumentative Essay
 Write an Argumentative Essay comparing and
contrasting the use of the atomic bomb at the end of
WWII with the modern day use of unmanned drones.
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Entrance Ticket

 Why did the U.S. Drop the Atomic Bomb (2x) on
Japan?
 Was this action necessary and ethical? Why or Why
not?
 How does the use of the Atomic Bomb during WWII
compare to the use of modern Drones?
 Is the use of Drones necessary and ethical? Why or
Why not?
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Section 1
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America & The World
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Learning Targets

 I can describe the causes and effects of American
isolationism during the 1930s and the effect this policy
had on America’s war preparation.
 I can compare and contrast President Franklin D.
Roosevelt’s world view with that of Germany’s Adolf
Hitler, Italy’s Benito Mussolini, the Soviet Union’s Joseph
Stalin, and Japan’s Hideki Tojo.
 I can identify and explain key events from Versailles to
Pearl Harbor that resulted in the United States entry into
World War II.
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Key Vocabulary

 Fascism
 Mussolini
 Communist Dictatorship
 Stalin
 Authoritative
Dictatorship
 Nazi Party
 Hitler
 Reichstag
 Militaristic Dictatorship
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Japanese Expansion
Hideki Tojo
Manchuria
Nanking
Hirohito
 Axis Powers
 Neutrality Laws
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America & The World

Guiding Questions:
1. *Why is the fight for freedom necessary?*
2. What were the causes and effects of American isolationism during the
1930s.
3. What effect did the policy isolationism have on America’s war
preparation
4. What were the worldviews of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Adolf
Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin, and Hideki Tojo?
5. What were the key events from Versailles to Pearl Harbor that resulted in
the United States entry into World War II.
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The Rise of Dictators

 Following WWI the Treaty of
Versailles and a global
economic depression
contributed to the rise of
“antidemocratic”
governments in Europe and
Asia.
 (1921) Benito Mussolini in
Italy
 (1926) Joseph Stalin in
Soviet Union
 (1933) Nazi Party/Adolf
Hitler in Germany
 (1936) Francisco Franco in
Spain
 (1941) Hideki Tojo in Japan
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Fascism

 Fascism: a governmental system led by a dictator
having complete power, forcibly suppressing
opposition and criticism, regimenting all industry,
commerce, etc., and emphasizing an aggressive
nationalism and often racism.
 Note: Under a Fascist regime the nation (state) is
considered more important than the individual and
empire building is stressed.
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Mussolini (Il Duce “the leader”)
& Fascism in Italy (1922-1943)

 Fascism = strongly anticommunist
 Sold to public as a “bulwark”
against economic chaos,
communism, and the strikes and
riots caused by communist party
 Promised protection of private
property & full employment
 Fascist Blackshirt Militia backs
Mussolini
 Appointed Premier by Italy’s
king  Est. Dictatorship
 Supported by industry, wealthy,
and Roman Catholic Church
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Communist Dictatorship

 Communism: a political theory derived from Karl
Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society
in which all property is publicly owned and each
person works and is paid according to their abilities
and needs.
 Authoritative Dictatorship: a form of government in
which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted
by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)
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Stalin & the Communist
Party in the USSR (1924-1953)

 Following Russian
Revolution Vladimir Lenin’s
Comm. Party est. Comm.
Govs est. throughout territory
of Russian Empire
 Renamed Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics (USSR)
 (Stalin is in Prison)
 One party Rule/suppression
of individual
liberty/suppression of
opposition
 Lenin Dies in 1924  power
struggle
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Stalin & the Communist
Party in the USSR

 Joseph Stalin rises to power as
Soviet Dictator in 1926.
 Massive effort to industrialize
USSR (5 year plans)
 Gov. control of production =
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Increased production
Decreased quality
Decreased wages
Farms forced into collectives
 Tolerates No Opposition
 Targets political enemies
 artists, & intellectuals
 Secret Police, Concentration
Camps (Gulag), and Execution
 More than 10 Mill. die under
Stalin’s rule (he dies in 1953)
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Authoritative Dictatorship

 Authoritarianism: a form of government
characterized by absolute or blind obedience to
authority, as against individual freedom and related
to the expectation of unquestioning obedience.
 Authoritative Dictatorship: a form of government in
which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted
by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)
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Hitler & the Nazi Party in Germany
(1923-1934)

 Hitler admired Mussolini,
hated communism, hated
conditions imposed by Treaty
of Versailles
 Political & Economic Chaos
following WWI leads to rise
of National Socialist German
Workers’ Party (Nazi Party)
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Attracted unhappy workers
Nationalistic
Anti-communist
Anti-Semitic
 (1923) tries and fails to seize
power in Germany (fails)
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Hitler & the Nazi Party in Germany

 Nazi party outlawed
 Hitler Jailed (writes Mein
Kampf “my struggle”)
 Unite Germany under one
government
 Claimed Germans = Aryan
(Master) race [Blond
Hair/Blue Eyes]
 German expansion into
surrounding (inferior)
nations
 Blamed Jews for many ills
including defeat in WWI
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Hitler & the Nazi Party in Germany

 After release from prison
 Focuses on getting members
of Nazi Party elected to
 (1932) Nazi party is largest
party in Reichstag
 (1933) Hitler appointed
Chancellor (PM) by German
President
 (1934) Hitler appointed
President of Germany
becomes Dictator (Der Furher
“the Leader”)
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Militaristic Expansionism

 Militarism: the belief or desire of a government or
people that a country should maintain a strong
military capability and be prepared to use it
aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
 Militaristic Expansionism: the use of military force
to seize territory and resources and promote
nationalism. Often results in Military Rule.
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General (PM) Tojo/Emperor Hirohito
& Japanese Militaristic Expansionism

 Economic difficulties
following WWI drastically
limits economic growth of
Japan in the 1920s
 Democracy scene as “unJapanese”
 Japanese Military Leaders see
Japan as destined to
dominate East-Asia
 Argue need to seize territory
to support economic growth
 (1931) military seizes
Manchuria (resource rich
section of China)
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General (PM) Tojo/Emperor Hirohito
& Japanese Militaristic Expansionism

 Japanese PM assassinated by
military when he attempts to
negotiate peace with China
 Japanese General Hideki Tojo
appointed PM
 Japan’s civilian (imperial)
government lead by young
emperor Hirohito supports
nationalistic/militaristic
expansionism.
 (1937) Nanking Massacre
 Japanese military forces take
Chinese city of Nanking and
kill up to 300K civilians in 6
weeks
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American Neutrality

 After WWI Americans again
support isolationism (why?)
 Europe refuses to repay war
debts
 American business (arms mfg.)
accused of Tricking America
into going to war to increase
profits.
 Claims investigated by Nye
Committee (under Senator Nye)
 Investigation found that
Weapons Mfg. had profited
hugely from WWI.
 America First Committee
promotes national defense
without foreign intervention
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American Neutrality

 (1935) U.S. Neutrality Act of
1935
 Prohibits sale of U.S. arms to
any country at war
 (1936) Spanish Civil War
erupts after election of Rep.,
Soc., Comm. Coalition Gov.
 Spanish fascists Rebel and
are backed by Germany and
Italy
 U.S. passed 2nd Neutrality
Act banning sale of arms to
either side
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American Neutrality

 (1937) U.S. Neutrality Act of
1937
 Bans sale of arms to warring
nations (Spain/Germany/Italy)
 Cash-and-carry purchase of
non military surplus from US
 Loans prohibited
 Attempt to ward off
submarine warfare
 (1937) FDR sidesteps US NA
and provides Aid to China
 (1940) Japan/Germany/Italy
become known as Axis
Powers
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Exit Ticket

What effect did the U.S.
Neutrality Acts have on WWII?
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Test Your Understanding

 Write IDs for the following:
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Fascism
Communist Dictatorship
Authoritative Dictatorship
Japanese Expansion
Manchuria
Nanking
Hideki Tojo
Hirohito
Mussolini
Stalin
Hitler
Nazi Party
Reichstag
Axis Powers
Neutrality Laws
 Answer the following
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
*Why is the fight for freedom necessary?*
What were the causes and effects of
American isolationism during the 1930s.
What effect did the policy isolationism
have on America’s war preparation
(speculate)?
What were the worldviews of President
Franklin D. Roosevelt, Adolf Hitler,
Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin, and
Hideki Tojo?
What were the key events from Versailles
to Pearl Harbor that resulted in the
United States entry into World War II
(speculate)?
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