Transcript Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cytoplasm & Cytoskeleton
• Cytoskeleton:
– Supports and shapes cell
– Helps position organelles
– Helps cell movement and
division
• Consists of microtubules and
microfilaments
• Cytoplasm:
– A.K.A. Cytosol
– The fluid (jelly-like) substance
found throughout the cell
– Helps position organelles
Nucleus, Nucleolus, & Ribosomes
– The nucleus stores genetic information.
• Genetic information (genes) = instructions to make proteins
– The nucleolus makes ribosomes
– Ribosomes exit through
nuclear pores and link
amino acids to make protein.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
TWO KINDS:
• RER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum)
– Found right outside the nucleus.
– Studded with ribosomes
– Remember: ribosomes are the site
of protein synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum (cont.)
• SER (smooth endoplasmic reticulum)
– Breaks down alcohol
– Can break down and make lipids
Golgi Apparatus
• A.K.A. Golgi Body
• Looks like a stack of pancakes
• Once a ribosome has linked
amino acids to make a
protein, the protein travels to
the GOLGI APPARATUS
• The golgi body processes,
sorts and delivers
protein.(think of a post office)
• Proteins are packaged into
vesicles.
Vesicles
– Vesicles are membrane-bound
sacs that hold materials, like
protein, nutrients, or waste
– Transports materials into or out
of a cell.
Golgi Body & Vesicle in action
The process of making proteins is IMPORTANT!!
Process Review
1) The nucleus has genes, which hold instructions for
making proteins
2) Nucleolus (inside the nucleus) makes a ribosome
3) Ribosome makes protein & travels through rough ER
4) Golgi Body packages the protein into a vesicle and
exports them
Mitochondria
• Supplies energy to the cell
– Think “Mighty Mitochondria”
• Where metabolic processess
take place
Vacuole
– Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials,
like water.
– Plants have a large Central Vacuole, which takes
up lots of water.
Lysosomes
–Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest
material.
• Lysosomes have a license to kill.
Centrosomes and Centrioles
– Centrioles are tubes found in the centrosomes.
• Centrioles help divide DNA.
• Centrioles form cilia and
flagella.
– Used for movement
Plant cells have a couple of structures that
are unique to plant cells only.
• Cell wall
– A cell wall provides rigid support.
– Made of cellulose
Chloroplasts
• Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical
energy.
•Where photosynthesis
occurs.
•Chlorophyll absorbs
sunlight & converts it into
glucose (sugar)
•Chlorophyll is what
makes the plants green.
CO2 + H20 + sunlight  Sugar + O2
• Endosymbiosis Theory: Chloroplast & mitochondria were freeliving organisms
– Both were engulfed by a larger predator cell
– Both gave the larger cell an advantage (make food and energy)
– Predator cell provided each protection
• Over time, these cells could not survive without the mitochondria
& chloroplast
• Evidence: Mitochondria & chloroplast contain own DNA, replicate,
contain own ribosomes