Introduction to Computer Science
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Transcript Introduction to Computer Science
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
A Computer is an electronic device for storing and processing data,
typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a
variable program.
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
Personal
Computer
Workstations
Mini Computers
Mainframes
Super Computers
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
Personal Computer:
Also called a micro-computer, it is a small, single-user computer
based on a microprocessor. In addition to the microprocessor, a
personal computer has a keyboard for entering data, a monitor for
displaying information, and a storage device for saving data
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
What about tablets ?
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
Workstations :
A workstation is a computer intended for individual use that is faster
and more capable than a personal computer. It's intended for
business or professional use (rather than home or recreational
use).
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
Mini Computers :
A minicomputer is a computer of a size intermediate between
a microcomputer and a mainframe.
Typically, sold to small and mid-size businesses for general business
applications and to large enterprises for department-level
operations.
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
Mainframes :
A mainframe is a high-performance computer used for large-scale
computing purposes that require greater availability and security
than a smaller-scale machine can offer
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
A large number of terminals connected to a
mainframe.
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
Super Computers :
A supercomputer is, a very powerful machine, mainly used for
performing tasks involving intense numerical calculations such as
weather forecasting, fluid dynamics, nuclear simulations,
theoretical astrophysics, and complex scientific computations.
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
1st Generation: The Vacuum Tubes
2nd Generation: Transistors
3rd Generation: Integrated Circuits
4th Generation: Microprocessor
5th Generation: Future
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
1st Gen: Vacuum Tubes (1946-1958)
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
A Computer using Vaccum Tubes:
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
Punch Cards
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
Problems with Vaccum Tubes:
Very Expensive.
Produces massive amount of heat.
Needed a large amount of electricity
It was time for something new!
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
Watch how punch cards were used to send
data to a computer:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oaVwzY
N6BP4
Watch the UNIVAC commercial from 1950 by
clicking on the link below:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25qNWD
JBuks
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
2nd Gen: Transistors (1959-1964)
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
Differences between Transistors and Tubes:
Smaller
Faster.
More Reliable
One Transistor was the equivalent of 40
Vacuum Tubes.
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
2nd Gen Computers still relied on punch cards for inputting Data.
IBM 1401 is an example of a 2nd Gen Computer.
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
Watch the video, below, from 1959 showing
characteristics of the IBM 1401
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_OUaHAWVKU
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
3rd Gen: Integrated Circuits (1964-1970)
A single Chip that contains numerous transistors.
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips,
called semiconductors, which drastically increased the
speed and efficiency of computers.
Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted
with third generation computers through
keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating
system, which allowed the device to run many
different applications at one time with a central program
that monitored the memory.
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
Computers of this era were the first to offer a keyboard and a screen
as input/output devices.
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
PDP-8 : Because it was the first computer to successfully make use
of integrated circuits, it was much smaller and cheaper compared
to other computers available at the same time. When it first
entered the minicomputer market, it sold for about $20,000. Five
years later, this price was reduced to only $3,000.
Watch a PDP-8 in action in the video below:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DPioENtAHuY
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
4th Gen: The Microprocessor
The microprocessor gave birth to the fourth generation of computers,
as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon
chip. What in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit
in the palm of the hand.
In 1975 consumers were finally able to buy their own personal
Computer, in the form of Altair 8800.
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
Altair 8800:
Developed in 1975 by MITS, The Altair 8800 was sold as an
electronic hobbyist kit for only $397. The computer was very
simple, that it did not even have a keyboard or display. These
computers did not even have enough memory to perform any
useful tasks. The Altair 8800 had switches on the front panel for
input and rows of neon light. Watch the video below to see how
an ALTAIR 8800 was operated:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vAhp_LzvSWk
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
Apple II :
Considered to be the pinnacle of home computers, the Apple 2
launched in 1977 and was the first computer to display color
graphics. The Apple II was available to consumers for the price of
$1300 with 4KB of ram and offered the ability to expand the ram
to 48KB ( a first in computer history).
Watch the first Apple II commercial below:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FxZ_Z-_j71I
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
1981 and beyond :
In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home user.
In 1984 Apple introduced the Macintosh.
Microprocessors also moved out of the realm of desktop
computers and into many areas of life as more and more everyday
products began to use them.
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
As these small computers became more powerful, they could be
linked together to form networks, which eventually led to the
development of the Internet.
Our PC's, smart phones, laptops, and tablets, that we own today
are all considered the product of the 4th generation of computers,
since they all use a microprocessor to operate and process the
various data.
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
5th Gen: Artificial Intelligence? (Future)
Many believe that what will make the 5th generation stand out is
Artificial intelligence(AI).
AI means that a computer will self be sufficient, and be able to
think and learn for itself rather than wait for a user to input a set
data.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UIWWLg4wLEY
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences
Google's Project Glass:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9c6W4CCU9M4
Professor: Nabil Elmjati
IB100 Introduction to computer
Sciences