Transcript C H A P T E R

WELCOME TO…
CGS 2100
Microapps for Business
with your host
Kyle Gower-Winter
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What are we covering today?
 Get to know each other
 Talk about course materials
 Explore the course websites
 Go through the syllabus
 Learn class policies and procedures
 Discuss the Semester Agenda
 Start Chapter 1
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Preliminary Business
 Students not in attendance today will be
dropped from this course
 There is a web-based section:


http://service.cs.fsu.edu
http://apps3.oti.fsu.edu/RegistrarCourseLooku
p/SearchForm
 Please turn off all cell phones.
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Chapter 1:
Introduction to
Information Systems
Topics:
Please turn your
cell phone off.
• Information Concepts
• What Is an Information
System
• Business Information
Systems
• Systems Development
• Organizations and Information
Systems
• Competitive Advantage
• Performance-Based
Information Systems
• Information Systems
Personnel
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Chapter 1.1
Information Concepts
Key Terms
•
•
•
•
data
information
process
knowledge
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Information Systems
 What information systems have you
interacted with since the beginning of
the semester?
 How about this week?
 How about today?
Is it possible to exist without
interacting with information systems?
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Basic Questions
 What is information?
 What is a system?
 What is an information system?
 What is it good for?
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Data vs. Information
DATA
INFO
Raw Facts
•Hours Worked
Useful, valuable
Facts:
•Pay Scale
•Total Paycheck
•Overtime def
•Overtime Scale
Applying
Knowledge
Base
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Characteristics of Valuable
Information
•Accurate
•Complete
•Economical
•Flexible
•Reliable
•Relevant
•Simple
•Timely
•Verifiable
•Accessible
•Secure
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System
 A set of elements or
components that
interact to
accomplish goals
 Takes some input,
processes the input
in its own way, and
then produces
some output
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Chapter 1.2
What is an Information
System?
Key Terms
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•
•
•
•
•
input
processing
output
Feedback
Forecasting
Technology
infrastructure
• Computer-based
information system
(CBIS)
• hardware
• software
• database
•
•
•
•
•
•
Telecommunications
Networks
Internet
intranet
extranet
procedures
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Information System (IS)
 Information System

A set of interrelated elements or components
that
 collect (input),
 manipulate (process), and
 disseminate (output) data and information
 and provide a feedback mechanism
to meet an objective.
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Information System
Components
Input
Output
Feedback
Input: the
activity of
gathering &
capturing
raw data
Processing:
converting or
transforming
data into
useful outputs
Output: production
of useful
information:
documents and
reports
Feedback: output
that is used to
make changes to
input or
processing
Forecasting: the
process of
predicting future
events to avoid
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problems
Computer-Based Information
Systems
CBIS: Composed of
hardware, software,
databases,
telecommunications,
people, and procedures
that are configured to
collect, manipulate, store,
and process data into
information.
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CBIS Components
 Hardware

Computer equipment used to perform input,
processing, and output activities
 Software

Computer programs that govern the
operation of the computer
 Database

Organized collection of facts and
information
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CBIS Components
 Telecommunications

Electronic transmission
of signals for
communications;
enables organizations
to link computer
systems into effective
networks.
 Network

Connected computers and computer equipment
that enable electronic communications.
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CBIS Components

Internet

The world’s largest telecommunications
network consisting of thousands of
interconnected networks
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CBIS Components
 People

The most important elements in most CBIS
 Procedures

Strategies, policies, methods, and rules for
using CBIS (Process).
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Chapter 1.3
Business Information
Systems
Key Terms
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•
•
•
E-commerce
M-commerce
transaction
Transaction
Processing System
• Enterprise Resource
Planning System
• Management
Information System
• Decision Support
System
• Artificial Intelligence
• Expert system
• Knowledge base
• Virtual reality
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Information Systems
 Information Systems assist us in
1. Collecting and storing pertinent
information about our business or
organization.
2. Analyzing that information in order
to judge the state of our business or
organization.
3. Making difficult decisions regarding
our business or organization.
4. Automating the knowledge and
skills of experts.
TPS
MIS
DSS
ES
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The Formal Information Systems
 TPS: Transaction Processing System
 MIS: Management Information System
 DSS: Decision Support System
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GDSS: Group
ESS: Executive
 ES: Expert System
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An artificial intelligence (AI) discipline.
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Business Information Systems
 E-commerce

Any business transaction executed
electronically between two parties:
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B2B
B2C
C2C
 M-commerce
Transactions conducted anywhere,
anytime.
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Transaction Processing Systems
 Transaction
Any business related exchange.
 Transaction processing system
 A CBIS used to record completed business
transactions.
 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System
 A set of integrated programs capable of managing
a company’s vital business operations for an entire
multisite, global organization.

–Well suited for for basic business
tasks such as customer billing
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Management Information System
 A CBIS
used to provide routine
information to managers and
decision makers.
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Decision Support Systems
 CBIS used to support problem-specific
decision making.
 Well suited to complex problems.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI), Expert
Systems (ES) & Virtual Reality
 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
A field that involves computer systems
taking on the characteristics of human
intelligence
 Expert Systems (ES)
 Gives the computer the ability to make
suggestions and act like an expert in a
particular field.
 The collection of data, rules,
procedures, and relationships that must
be followed to achieve value or the
proper outcome is contained in the
expert system’s knowledge base.
 Virtual Reality
 The simulation of a real or imagined
environment that can be experienced
visually in three dimensions.
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Now it’s time for…
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Name that
Computer Based
Information
System!
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Name That System!
TPS
MIS
DSS
ES
Automobile Diagnostic System
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Name That System!
TPS
MIS
DSS
ES
FSU Course Lookup System
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Name That System!
TPS
MIS
DSS
ES
Amazon.com On-line Store
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Name That System!
TPS
MIS
DSS
ES
Google
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Name That System!
TPS
MIS
DSS
ES
Progressive.com
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Chapter 1.4
Systems Development
Key Terms
• Systems Development
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Systems Development
 The activity of creating or modifying existing
business systems.
Investigation
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Review
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Chapter 1.5
Organizations and
Information Systems
Key Terms
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Organization
Value chain
Culture
Organizational culture
Organizational change
Technology diffusion
• Technology infusion
• Technology Acceptance
Model (TAM)
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Organizations
 Organizations
 Formal collections of
people and various
resources established to
accomplish a set of
goals
 Organizations are like a
community with a
mission
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Organizational Culture & Change
 Culture
 A set of major understandings and
assumptions shared by a group.
 Organizational Culture
 The major understandings and assumptions
for a business, a corporation, or an
organization.
 Organizational Change
 The responses that are necessary for for-profit
and nonprofit organizations to plan for,
implement, and handle change.
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Organizations as
Value Adding Systems
Inputs
Money
Materials
People
Machines
Data
Information
Decisions
Value Transformation
Value-added processes
Increase the relative worth of
the combined inputs on their
way to becoming final outputs
of an organization
Outputs
Products
Services
Data
Information
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The Value Chain
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Role of Information Systems in the
Value-Added Process
 Traditional View

Information systems are used to control
and monitor value-added processes.
 Contemporary View
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
Information systems are intertwined with
the processes themselves, and are
considered a part of them.
Information systems themselves add
value.
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Technology Diffusion, Infusion, &
Acceptance
 Technology Diffusion
 A measure of how widely technology is
spread throughout an organization
 Technology Infusion
 The extent to which technology is deeply
integrated into an area or department.
 Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
 A description of the factors that can lead
to higher acceptance and use of
technology in an organization.
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Chapter 1.6
Competitive Advantage
Key Terms
• Competitive advantage
• Five-forces model
• Strategic alliance
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Competitive Advantage
 Competitive Advantage
 A significant and (ideally) long-term
benefit to a company over its
competition.
 Obtained by Improving, Creating, or
Altering the Industry
 Five-Forces Model
 Rivalry among Existing Competitors
 Threat of New Entrants
 Threat of Substitute Products
 Bargaining Power of Customers
 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
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Competitive Advantage cont.
 Strategic Alliance (strategic partnership)

An agreement between two or more
companies that involves the joint production
and distribution of goods and services.
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Chapter 1.7
Performance-Based
Information Systems
Key Terms
• productivity
• Return On Investment (ROI)
• Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
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Performance-Based Information
Systems
 Productivity

A measure of the output achieved divided by
the input required.
Productivity =
 Quality

Output Achieved
Input Required
The ability of a product to meet or exceed
customer expectations
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Return on Investments (ROI)
and the Value of IS
 Return on Investment (ROI)

A measure of IS value that investigates the
additional profits or benefits that are generated
as a percentage of the investment in
information systems technology.
 Total Cost of Ownership (TCO Model)

The total cost of owning computer equipment,
including desktop computers, networks, and
large computers.
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Chapter 1.8
Careers in Information
Systems
Key Terms
•
•
•
•
Information center
Information service unit
Certification
Chief Information Officer
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Information Center & Service Unit
 Information Center

A support function that provides users with
assistance, training, applications development,
documentation, equipment selection and
setup, standards, technical assistance, and
troubleshooting.
 Information Service Unit

A miniature IS department.
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Chief Information Officer (CIO)
 A manager at the vice-
president level responsible
for IS planning, policy, and
standards. The CIO is
focused on supporting
corporate goals.
http://www.oti.fsu.edu/
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Other IS Roles
 Database Administrator
 Systems Programmer
 Network Specialist
 LAN Administrator
 Webmaster
 Trainer
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Questions?
?
?
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