Transcript Computer Base Information System

CHAPTER 1
Information Systems in
Organizations
Presented by:
ARLENE N. BARATANG
Information
Concepts
Information System
• An information system is a
collection of interrelated
components that collect,
process, store, and disseminate
information, and provides a
feedback mechanism to attain an
objective.
Data
• Data is a presentation of
facts, figures, concepts, or
instructions that may be
stored, communicated,
interpreted, or processed by
manual or automated means.
Information
• Information is the result or
output of processing,
manipulating and organizing
data in a way that adds
knowledge, respond to a
specific need, show
significance and meaning to
the person receiving it.
Input, Process,
Output &
Feedback
Input
• Input is the act of entering
data into a computer for
processing. In a school
grading system, student
grades are encoded by
teachers before the students
may receive their summary of
grades for the semester.
Process
• Turning data into information
is a process or a goaldirected, interrelated series of
actions, events mechanisms,
or steps.
Output
• An output is a representation
of a useful information that
has been manipulated by the
central processing unit (CPU)
of the computer system.
Feedback
• A feedback is a response,
including corrections,
additions, and approval,
elicited from the users. In
interface, examples are dialog
box, program code, animation
and sound.
Components of
Information System
Feedback
Input
Processing
Output
Computer Base
Information
System (CBIS)
CBIS
• A computer-based information
system (CBIS) is a data
processing system that consists
hardware, software, databases,
telecommunications, people, and
procedures that are designed to
collect, manipulate, store and
process data into information.
I.T.
• IT refers to the technology
components of hardware,
software, databases, and
telecommunications.
Components of
CBIS
Hardware
• Hardware comprises of
computer equipment used to
perform input, processing,
and output operations.
Software
• Software are the computer
programs that supervise the
operation of the computer.
Database
• Database is a collection of
data that is organized so that
its contents can easily be
accessed, managed and
updated.
People
• People as a component of
CBIS, people include the
personnel of the information
systems who manage, run,
program, and maintain the
system.
Procedures
• Procedures include the
policies, strategies, methods,
and rules of using the CBIS.
Telecommunications,
Networks and the
Internet
Telecommunication
• Telecommunication is the
electronic transmission of
signals for communications,
which enables organization to
carry out their processes and
tasks through effective
computer networks1 .
Network
• Network is a group of
computers and peripherals
connected at varied sites for
the purpose of sharing
resources and
communication.
Internet
• The Internet is the world’s
largest network consisting of
thousands of interconnected
commercial, academic,
domestic, and government
networks.
WWW
• The World Wide Web or the
Web is a network of links on
the Internet to documents
containing text, graphics,
video, and sound2.
Extranet
• An extranet is a network
based on Web technologies
that allows selected outsiders
to access authorized
resources of the intranet of a
company.
Business
Information
Systems
E-commerce
• Electronic commerce or Ecommerce consists of the
buying, selling, marketing,
and servicing of products or
services over computer
networks.
M-commerce
• Mobile commerce or mcommerce involves
transactions conducted
anywhere and anytime with
the use of wireless
communications.
Traditional Buss.
Transaction
Processing of purchase order using traditional
Prepare request
Obtain approval
Requisition
Sending request
Vendor
Purchasing department index
E-commerce
Processing of purchase order using E-commerce
Vendor
Transaction
Processing System &
Enterprise Resource
Planning
Transaction Processing
Systems
• Transaction processing is
designed to maintain a
database by ensuring that
any operations carried out on
the database that are
interdependent are either all
completed successfully or all
cancelled successfully.
Enterprise Resource
Planning
• An enterprise resource planning
(ERP) system is a set of
integrated programs capable of
managing business operations,
including product planning, parts
purchasing, maintaining
inventories, interacting with
suppliers, providing customer
service, and tracking orders.
Information &
Decision Support
Systems
MIS
• A management information
system, or MIS, is an
organized collection of
people, procedures, software,
databases, and devices used
to provide routine information
to managers and decision
makers.
MIS
• Marketing management
information system
• Information system
• Manufacturing Management
Information system
• Transaction Processing
system
• Other management
DSS
• Decision support system, or
DSS, is an organized
collection of people,
procedures, software,
databases, and devices used
to support business and
organizational decisionmaking activities.
Elements of DSS
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DBMS
Model Management System
Database
Model base
External database access
External database
Dialog manager
Access to the
Internet/Intranet/Extranet
Specialized Business
Information
Systems
Artificial Intelligence
• Artificial intelligence, or AI, is
a branch of computer science
that deals with intelligent
behavior, learning, and
adaptation in machines.
Expert System
• Expert system is a system
that gives a computer the
ability to make suggestions
and act like an expert in a
particular field.
Virtual Reality
• Virtual reality is the simulation of
a real or imagined environment
that can be experienced visually
in the three dimensions of width,
height, and depth, and may
provide an interactive experience
visually in full real-time motion
with sound and other forms of
feedback.
Technology
Diffusion, Infusion
and Acceptance
Technology Diffusion
• Technology diffusion is a
measure of how widely
technology is applied
throughout the organization.
Technology Infusion
• Technology infusion refers to
the degree technology
infuses an area or
department.
Technology
Acceptance Model
• Technology Acceptance
Model, or TAM is an
information system theory
that models how users come
to accept and use a
technology.
Careers in
Information
Systems
Careers in IS
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Chief Information Officer
LAN Administrator
Systems Analyst
Computer Programmer
Internet Administrator
Internet Web Developer
Web Site Operator