Transcript PowerPoint Presentation - Agents Know

Agents
Know-bots, Robots & A.I.
By: Brandy S.N. Ervin
What is an Agent?
Bio/Chemically
An instrument by
which something is
done or caused
Software
That requests files
from Websites and then
catalogs and returns.
All metasites and search
engines are based on
this technology
www.lib.berkeley.edu/
TeachingLib/Guides/In
ternet/FindInfo.html
How Does It Work?
Tools of Agents
Web crawlers
Spiders
Crawlers
“know-bots”
“knowledge-bots”
Computer robot programs
used by search engines to
roam the WWW via the
Internet, visit sites &
databases, keeping the
search engine up to date
Spiders Crawl……….
Obtain new pages
Update known pages
Delete obsolete pages
Return to “home”
database…..
…….but sometimes…
…problems arise…
Link Rot
Most large search engines
operate with several at a
time but the task of
combing the web can take
six months so outdatedness can result.
URL’s have been changed
but the crawlers have not
been able to keep up or
track of it
The Invisible Web
Spiders cannot or will not enter into database and
extract content as they can/would from static Web
pages
Tend to be specialty & subject specific data based &
son on
These entries tend to be very current, dynamically
changing information
News
Job listings
Available airlines flights, etc.
Also not gathered are non-textual files such as
Multimedia
Graphical files
Non-standard formats (PDF)
Sometimes Things Work out as
Planned!
Search Engine Mechanism &
Ranked Order
S.E.M
Software that enables
users to query the
index (database
containing a copy of
each Web page
gathered by the spider)
& that usually returns
results in terms
relevance to a ranking
order
Ranking Order
The reason why a URL is in
the numerical position it is
in in a list of results from a
performed search
2 types
1st generation: Closer to top
of list if search term appears
many times, near beginning
of document close together
in document, in the
document title, etc.
2nd generation: New system
of finding by/results based
by concept, keyword site
links or popularity.
Spiders are indiscriminant:
They may gather material that is
outdated, inaccurate, inappropriate,or
incomplete ..but..
Software can be conventional,
proactive, semi-autonomous &
adaptive
Kardas On Everything
Robots
Robots are physical & represent a step up from simple
automation
Robots can vary wildly in intelligence
Simplest robots are unintelligent & depend on simple
environments & precise placement to work
More unintelligent robots are able to deal successfully
with complex environments & can tolerate imprecision
And Still…More Kardas…
Artificial Intelligence
Studies the rules governing complex systems
Mimics biological life, “creating” & “killing”
computer “organisms” & watching how those
entities exist over time on screen.
http://agents.media.mit.edu
http://agents.media.mit.edu/projects
Agents linked to AI (virtual servants?)
“ Coming up with a once-andfor- all definition of agenthood is
so difficult: one persons
intelligent agent is another
persons “smart” object & today’s
“smart” object is tomorrows
“dumb” program.”
Good Internet Agents Are…
Communicative:
Understand
Able to understand users
goals preferences &
constraints/parameters
Ex. Track& Field
Track
– Competition
– Humans
» Male
» Female
– Races
» 400meter
» 200hurdles
Field
Competition
Olympics
Javelin
Hammer throw
Shot-put
Good Agents Are…
• Capable: Think
– Make options rather than
simply provide advice
( A.I.? Soft?)
• Autonomous: Do
– Able to act without the user
being in control the whole
time
Ex. Webnews autosearches
• Adaptive: Learn
– Able to learn from
experience about both
its tasks & its users
preferences
More Sites
www.albany.edu/library/internet/research.html
http://agents.umbc.edu/
www.cs.berkeley.edu/~russell/ai.html#agents
www.nature.com/nature/webmasters/agents/agents
.html
www.aaai.org/AITopics/html/agents.html
http://directory.google.com/Top/computers/Artifici
al_Intelligence/Agents/