Transcript Autonomous Machines - Murray State University's RacerNet

AUTONOMOUS MACHINES
BY: TYLER ROBERTS
HISTORY
• Started in WWII and the Cold War
• Now several military robots have been/are being deployed and developed
by the armies of many countries.
• Many of this new technology can be credited to DARPA.
TYPES OF MILITARY AUTONOMOUS MACHINES
•
Ground Robots
•
Aerial Robots
•
Marine Robots
•
Immobile/Fixed Robots
TYPES OF MILITARY AUTONOMOUS MACHINES
•
Land/Ground mobility uses legs, treads, wheels, snake-like locomotion, and hopping.
•
Flying robots are known to use propellers, jet engines, and wings.
•
Underwater robots usually resemble submarines or boats when used above water.
•
Some vehicles capable of moving in more than one medium or terrain have been
built.
GROUND ROBOTS
• These small vehicles can/may be carried by a soldier in a backpack such as
the PackBot.
• Typical armed robot vehicles are:
• Talon SWORDS
• MAARS
AERIAL ROBOTS
•
Unmanned flying vehicles (UAV’s)
•
Reconnaissance while being unmanned, and carrying cargo/weapons
•
Micro Air Vehicles (MAV) can carry a camera for
reconnaissance, serving the same purpose as UAV’s
but on a micro scale.
MARINE ROBOTS
•
Surface ships as well as Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs)
•
Surveillance, reconnaissance, and anti-submarine combat
•
LMRS uses two sonar systems, an advanced computer
and its own inertial navigation system to survey the
ocean floor for up to 60 hours.
IMMOBILE/FIXED ROBOTS
• Both on land and on ships
• The Navy’s Phalanx Close-In Weapon System (CIWS). CIWS is
a rapid-fire 20mm gun system designed to protect ships at close
range from missiles which have penetrated other defenses
MORAL/LEGAL/AND ETHICAL ISSUES
• Arguments over the legal and ethical legitimacy of particular weapons poison
as a weapon in war, for example, or the crossbow go back very far in the
history of warfare.
• Who is responsible if the use of an autonomous
weapon results in a violation of international
humanitarian law?
MORAL/LEGAL/AND ETHICAL ISSUES
•
•
Predator and Reaper unmanned drones
The success rates of these drones are very questionable. Below is a summary of US
drone strikes as of January 2014:
Total strikes: 381
Total reported killed: 2,537 - 3,646
Civilians reported killed: 416 - 951
Children reported killed: 168 - 200
Total reported injured: 1,128 - 1,557
CONCLUSION
• Autonomous robots both on and off the battlefield will need to make choices
in the course of fulfilling their missions
• Potentially harmful consequences for humans and other agents worthy of
moral consideration
• Implementing moral decision-making faculties within robots will proceed slowly
REFERENCES
• http://ethics.calpoly.edu/ONR_report.pdf
•
http://media.hoover.org/sites/default/files/documents/Anderson-Waxman_LawAndEthics_r2_FINAL.pdf
• http://www.academia.edu/202045/The_Ambiguous_Ethical_Status_of_Autonomous_Robots
• http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/faq/q-and-a-autonomous-weapons.htm
• http://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2009/aug/19/autonomous-machines-systems-report
• http://www.raeng.org.uk/news/releases/shownews.htm?NewsID=511
• http://techdigest.jhuapl.edu/TD/td2604/Watson.pdf
• http://illinoisjltp.com/journal/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Kastan.pdf
• http://www.technologyreview.com/featuredstory/403762/the-ascent-of-the-robotic-attack-jet/
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-1_Predator
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-9_Reaper
• http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/17/business/17uav.html?hp&_r=0
• http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/2014/02/03/january-2014-update-us-covert-actions-in-pakistan-yemen-and-somalia/
• http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/03/drone-strikes-interactive-visualization-pitch
QUESTIONS?