Transcript Artificial Intelligence - Glacier Peak High School

By Tyler Tiernan
Dylan Wade
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One of the first attempts at trying to define
what makes a computer artificially intelligent
was done by Alan Turing. He proposed that a
computer must first pass a test that would
prove its intelligence.
Graham Oppy, . "The Turing Test." Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. N.p., 2011.
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This test was based off of a party game called
the Imitation game.
The idea of this game is that a man and a
woman go into separate rooms and they each
try to convince a third person that they are the
other.
The idea is that a computer with artificial
intelligence will be indistinguishable from a
real human being.
Graham Oppy, . "The Turing Test." Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. N.p., 2011.
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Eliza was a computer program designed by Joseph
Weizenbaum to search for keywords in a text
conversation and generate a response.
Eliza was designed to be similar to the behavior of
Rogerian therapist thus being able to fool many people
into believing they were talking to an actual therapist.
Therefore Eliza is considered to be one of the first
programs to pass the Turing, though it is not agreed
with by everyone.
Güzeldere, Güven, and Stefano Franchi.
"dialogues with colorful personalities of
early ai." stanford.edu. Stanford
University, 24 J.
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Parry was a computer program created in 1976 by
Kenneth Colby with very similar programming to
Eliza.
It played an almost opposite roll to Eliza in that it was
the one being diagnosed. It was a much more advanced
program and was designed to imitate a paranoid
schizophrenic.
For their experiment they had a group of psychiatrists
interview a mixture of humans and computers running
the Parry program.
Güzeldere, Güven, and Stefano Franchi.
"dialogues with colorful personalities of
early ai." stanford.edu. Stanford University,
24 J.
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For their experiment they had a group of psychiatrists
interview a mixture of humans and computers running
the Parry program.
They later had 33 more psychiatrists read throgh the
transcripts of the conversations and had them try to
guess which of each were human and which were
computers.
They were only able to guess which was which with
48% accuracy.
Güzeldere, Güven, and Stefano Franchi.
"dialogues with colorful personalities of
early ai." stanford.edu. Stanford University,
24 J.
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In 1980 a man named John Searle wrote a paper
called “Minds, Brains and Programs” which
contained the Chinese room theory. The
Chinese Room was created specifically to
oppose the idea of the Turing Test.
It said that a machine could easily beat the
Turing Test using information of which it had
no understanding.
Hauser, Larry. "Chinese Room Argument." Internet Encylopedia of Philosophy. Alma College,
2005.
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The argument being without understanding
what it is answering it could not be considered
thinking or intelligent in the same way that
humans are.
This would disprove the Claims that both Eliza
and Parry were actually artificial intelligences
by these standards.
Hauser, Larry. "Chinese Room Argument." Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Alma College, 2005.
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An artificial intelligence driven IBM supercomputer
Developed as part of the DeepQA project
Capable of answer questions given to it in a
naturally spoken language
Unknown. “Watson (Computer)." Wikipedia. WikiMedia, n.d. Web.
Watsons “Face”
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Takes key “Clue” words and organizes them
into known common phrases or questions
He runs thousands of language algorithms
simultaneously, find an answer that he believes
is correct.
He then evaluates and determines the level of
confidence in the response, before giving an
answer
Unknown. “Watson (Computer)." Wikipedia. WikiMedia, n.d. Web.
Unknown. “Watson (Computer)." Wikipedia. WikiMedia, n.d. Web.
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Humanoid robot, designed and built by
HONDA introduced in 2000
Advanced Step in Innovative MObility
Considered the most advanced artificially
intelligent robot on the planet
Lee, O., and S. Jonathan. "How ASIMO
Works." Science-how stuff works.
HowStuffWorks, Inc., n.d.
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ASIMO can independently climb and descend
stairs (“artificial intelligence (AI)." Compton's by Britannica. 01 Aug 2011: n.p. SIRS
Discoverer. Web. 13 Apr 2012.)
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ASIMO has joints in his hips, knees, and feet that allow
movement similar to humans walking motion
ASIMO is programmed with “predictive movement
control”, also known as I-Walk
Lee, O., and S. Jonathan. "How ASIMO Works."
Science-how stuff works. HowStuffWorks, Inc.,
n.d.
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This program allows ASIMO to calculate how
much it needs to shift its center of gravity and
how long it needs to do so in order to move.
These calculations are done in real time so it
doesn’t have to stop between each movement
“artificial intelligence (AI)." Compton's
by Britannica. 01 Aug 2011: n.p. SIRS
Discoverer. Web. 13 Apr 2012.
Lee, O., and S. Jonathan. "How ASIMO Works."
Science-how stuff works. HowStuffWorks, Inc.,
n.d.
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Video camera eyes are linked to a computer
that uses stereoscopic vision and vision
algorithms
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This allows the ability to see and identify objects,
and avoid running into them
These eyes also allow ASIMO to identify
familiar faces, interpret hand motion and
identify the rate at which objects are moving.
Lee, O., and S. Jonathan. "How ASIMO Works."
Science-how stuff works. HowStuffWorks, Inc.,
n.d.
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Sensors in the wrists of ASIMO allow it to
calculate the amount of force needed to do
tasks like lift trays, handing you a file, or
shaking your hand.
These sensors also allow ASIMO to add more
force when it detects things like hills or inclines
when needed.
Lee, O., and S. Jonathan. "How ASIMO Works."
Science-how stuff works. HowStuffWorks, Inc.,
n.d.
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ASIMO also has infrared scanners that allow
him to scan IC cards given to employees at
Honda, allowing ASIMO to greet them with
their proper identification.
Microphones located in ASIMO’s head allow it
the ability to listen to, and receive voice
commands, and determine direction of the
sound. ASIMO then turns and faces the source
of the sound.
Lee, O., and S. Jonathan. "How ASIMO Works."
Science-how stuff works. HowStuffWorks, Inc.,
n.d.
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Graham Oppy, . "The Turing Test." Stanford encyclopedia
of philosophy. N.p., 2011. Web. 11 Apr 2012.
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing-test/
Hauser, Larry. "Chinese Room Argument." Internet
Encylopedia of Philosophy. Alma College, 2005. Web. 11
Apr 2012. <http://www.iep.utm.edu/chineser/>.
"Watson (Computer)." Wikipedia. WikiMedia, n.d. Web.
12 Apr 2012.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watson_computer>.
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Lee, O., and S. Jonathan. "How ASIMO Works."
Science-how stuff works. HowStuffWorks, Inc., n.d. Web.
12 Apr 2012.
<http://science.howstuffworks.com/asimo.htm>.
Güzeldere, Güven, and Stefano Franchi. "dialogues
with colorful personalities of early ai." stanford.edu.
Stanford University, 24 J. Web. 12 Apr 2012.
<http://www.stanford.edu/group/SHR/42/text/dialogues.html>.
“artificial intelligence (AI)." Compton's by Britannica. 01
Aug 2011: n.p. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 13 Apr 2012.