Transcript Introduction to Information Systems

Introduction to Information Systems
Data, Information and Knowledge
 How do “Information” differ from “Data”?
 There is also things such as “Knowledge”.
How are they related?
Data, Information and Knowledge
Data
Information
Transformation Process
(selecting, organizing, manipulating)
Practical Use
Knowledge
Translating Data to Information




Grouping
Lebelling
Sorting
Graphing
 Statistics
 Etc.
Data
In
Out
Customer
Order
Income
1600
1631
1M
1 Chocolate
20.-
1612
1625
1F1M
2 Strawberry, 1 Coconut
60.-
1615
1725
4M
2 Chocolate, 1 Lemon,
2 Strawberry, 1 Banana
1659
1734
1F
3 Coconut
60.-
1708
1812
2F1M
1 Chocolate, 1 Vanilla,
1 Coffee
60.-
1722
1751
1F2M
3 Coffee, 1 Wafer
70.-
1723
1749
1M
1 Coconut, 1 Chocolate, 2
Strawberry
80.-
1730
1815
1M
2 Vanilla
40.-
2201
2240
1M
1 Coffee
20.-
105.-
Information
 Customers
 12 Male - 5 Female
 Peak period
 1600-1815
 Income
 515.-
 Payment
 300.-
 Financial statistics
 1 day + 10%
 1 week + 20%
 1 month + 20%
 Popular menu




Strawberry - 6 (7, 2, 4, 6, 8)
Vanilla - 6 (10, 5, 8, 7, 6)
Chocolate - 5 (4, 7, 4, 5, 5)
Coconut - 5 (6, 2, 9, 6, 7)
 Unpopular menu
 Lemon - 1 (0, 0, 0, 1, 0)
 Guava - 0 (0, 0, 1, 1, 0)
 Red bean - 0 (0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
Knowledge
 Promote and stock more strawberry and
chocolate
 Terminate guava, red bean and lemon menu
 Change closing time to 1900
 Replace the male staff
System
 A set of elements or components that interact
to accomplish goals
Components of A System




Inputs
Processing mechanisms
Outputs
Feedback
Concept of A System
Processing
Input
Output
Feedback
Performance of A System
 Efficiency
 Proportion of outputs and inputs
 Effectiveness
 Achievement of objectives
Performance of A System
Class 1
F
D
C
Class 2
B
Efficiency – OK
Effectiveness – OK
A
F
D
C
Class 3
B
Efficiency – Poor
Effectiveness – OK
A
F
D
C
Efficiency – Good
Effectiveness – ?
B
A
Information Systems
 A set of interrelated components that collect,
manipulate, and disseminate data and
information, and provide feedback to meet an
objective (Stair & Reynolds, 2010)
 Complementary networks of hardware and
software that people and organizations use to
collect, filter, process, create and distribute
data (Wikipedia, 2014)
Components of An Information System
Inputs
 Inputs
Process
Outputs
Feedback
 Gathering and capturing of raw data
 Processing mechanisms
 Converting data into useful outputs
 Outputs
 Useful information
 Feedback
 Information that is used to make changes to the input and processing
components
Concept of An Information System
Data
Information
System
Information
Components of
Computer-Based Information Systems






Hardware
Software
People
Telecommunications
Databases
Procedures
Development of Business Information Systems
TPS
Transaction
Processing
System
MIS
Management
Information
System
DSS
Decision
Support
System
Specialized
business
information
systems
&
Electronics
Commerce
&
Inter-Organization
information
exchange systems
Types of Internal Information Systems
Executive
Support
Systems
(ESS, EIS)
Management
Information
Systems
(MIS)
Office
Automation
Systems
(OAS)
Decision
Support
Systems
(DSS)
Transaction
Processing
Systems
(TPS)
Types of Internal Information Systems
IS
Inputs
Processing
Outputs
Users
ESS
Aggregate data,
External, internal
Graphics,
Simulation
Projections
Senior
management
DSS
Low volume data,
Analytic models
Interactive,
Simulation
Special reports,
Decision analyses
Staff manager
MIS
Transaction data,
High volume data
Routine report
Summary,
Exception reports
Middle manager
OAS
Office documents,
Schedule
Word processing,
Storage
Documents,
Schedule
Managers
TPS
Transaction,
Events
Sorting,
Listing
Detail report,
List
Operation
personnel
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
 ระบบประมวลผลรายการเปลีย
่ นแปลง
 A software system, or software/hardware combination, that
supports transaction processing (Wikipedia, 2014)
 Features




Rapid response
Reliability
Inflexibility
Controlled processing
 Example
 Point-of-Sale
 Library loan
TPS: Examples
Office Automation Systems (OAS)
 ระบบสานักงานอัตโนมัต ิ
 Varied computer machinery and software used to
digitally create, collect, store, manipulate, and relay
office information needed for accomplishing basic
tasks (Wikipedia, 2014)
 Example
 Work flows
 Project scheduling
OAS: Examples
Management Information Systems (MIS)
 ระบบสารสนเทศเพือ
่ การจัดการ
 A system which provides information that
organizations require to manage themselves
efficiently and effectively (Wikipedia, 2014)
 Example
 Flight information system
 Student information system
MIS: Examples
Decision Support Systems (DSS)
 ระบบสนับสนุ นเพือ
่ การตัดสิ นใจ
 A system that supports business or
organizational decision-making activities
(Wikipedia, 2014)
 Example
 Price evaluation system
 Potential drilling sites
DSS Examples
Executive Support Systems (ESS)
 ระบบสนับสนุ นผู้บริหารระดับสูง
 Also-called Executive Information Systems (EIS)
 A type of management information system that
facilitates and supports senior executive information
and decision-making needs (Wikipedia, 2014)
 Example
 Market and sales analysis system
 A.C.M.E (Agent Call Monitoring & Evaluation)
ESS: Examples
Structure of An Information System
Source: http://blog.maia-intelligence.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/042908-1415-functionalm2.png
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
 ระบบการวางแผนทรัพยากรองคกร
์
 A business management software that a
company can use to collect, store, manage
and interpret data from many business
activities (Wikipedia, 2012)
Examples of ERP Packages
 Tier I
 SAP
 Oracle
 Microsoft Dynamics
 Tier II




Epicor
Sage
QAD
Ross
 Tier III
 ABAS
 Baan
 Syspro
Source: Panorama Consulting Group, 2014,
http://go.panorama-consulting.com/rs/panoramaconsulting/images/2014-Manufacturing-ERP-Report.pdf
ERP Statistics
(See Panorama Consulting Group Report 2014)
Costs of Implementing ERP Packages
Vendor
Average Project Cost
Oracle
$5.0 million
SAP
$6.7 million
Microsoft Dynamics
$1.8 million
Tier II
$3.1 million
Tier III/Other
$1.1 million
Source: Panorama Consulting Group, 2010
http://panorama-consulting.com/Documents/2011-Guide-to-ERP-Systems-and-Vendors.pdf
SAP Tryout!
 SAP Online Configurator:
https://www.sapconfigurator.com/sapcfg/build/index.html?l
ang=en&campaign=CRM-US08-HUB-TC_FSTWEB&cntry=us
Specialized Business Information System
 Knowledge Management System (KMS)
 Organized collection of people, procedures,
software, databases, and devices to create, store,
share, and use the organization’s knowledge and
experience
 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
 Computer system takes on characteristics of
human intelligence
Specialized Business Information System
 Expert Systems
 Give computer ability to make suggestions and
function like an expert in a particular field
 Virtual reality
 Simulation of a real or imagined environment that
can be experienced visually in three dimensions
 Augmented reality
Electronics Commerce
 Often called as “e-Commerce”, “eCommerce”,
“e-comm” or “e-Business”.
 Trading in products or services using
computer networks, such as the Internet
(Wikipedia, 2014)
Information Systems in the Supply Chain
Raw materials
Supplier
Inbound logistics/
Warehouse/
Storage
Purchasing
Production
Packing/
Outbound logistics
Customer service
ACTIVITIES
Production
Distribution
Customer
Internal Supply Chain
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Supplier database
Inbound tracking
system/
Inventory control
system
Process control
system
Automated packing
and retrieval
system
Customer service
tracking and control
system
Functions of Information Systems in
Logistics






Collaborative planning
Forecasting
Inventory management
Order management
Transport management
Etc.
Challenges
 Standards
 Culture and language





Time and distance
Technology and infrastructure
Currency and exchange rates
Laws and legal aspects
Privacy, permission and confidentiality
In-Class Assignment
Critical Thinking
 Form four groups
 Discuss and criticize connections between the
following challenges and information systems
in Thailand
Group 1
 Laws
Group 2
 Culture
Group 3
 Infrastructure
 Three minutes presentation
Group 4
 Language
Assignment
Information Engineering
 Spilt into four groups.
 Build a Facebook page with an objective of
anything.
 Promote your page. Aim for the highest likes
as possible.
 Present your strategy on 25 September 2014.