Transcript Types of Information Systems-

Types of Business
Information Systems
Different people have different
information needs depending on their
work
1
Types of IS
• Executive
• Transaction
Processing System Information
Systems (EIS)
(TPS)
• Expert Systems
• Management
(ES)
Information
System (MIS)
• Knowledge
Management
• Decision Support
Systems (KMS)
System (DSS)
Types of Information Systems
Slide 2
What is a TPS?
• Situation used - Recording,
documenting all areas of business
• Financial transactions: receipts and payments
• Materials: raw materials, finished goods
recording
• Computer transactions: updating data files
• Large volume of transactions
• Reporting is mostly for control
Types of Information Systems
Slide 3
What is an MIS?
• Reports on ‘Performance’
– Planned versus actual performance
– Periodic or on-demand (ad hoc) reports
– Highlights factors that affect
performance
• Objective is to help planning and
control
• An MIS may cover a department,
branch, or can be organization-wide
Types of Information Systems
Slide 4
What is a DSS?
• A computer system that supports a
decision maker
• Has “mathematical model” of the
situation
• Allows for interaction - user feeds in
data to the model and looks at results
• Helps but does NOT replace the
decision maker
Types of Information Systems
Slide 5
DSS cont/
• Can be used at all managerial levels
• To solve semi-structured problems
(some of the outcomes known and
some unknown)
• Each DSS is designed for a
particular problem/decision area
Types of Information Systems
Slide 6
DSS cont/
• Needs access to large databases
• Uses real data to look at
‘hypothetical’ situations
• Looks at alternative solutions
Types of Information Systems
Slide 7
DSS cont/
• Situations used:
– Financial planning
– Product planning
– Investment planning
• A DSS has a limited lifespan - once a
decision has been taken the DSS may
be obsolete
Types of Information Systems
Slide 8
EIS or ESS
• Tailored to suit top executives
– User-friendly (for people not too
computer literate)
– Used for scanning the environment
– Fast, easy access to critical information
– Key indicators of the company
performance
– Ability to ‘drill down’ for further
information
Types of Information Systems
Slide 9
What is an Expert
System?
• Software applied to assist in
reaching a decision/conclusion
which might otherwise have
required an expert’s opinion
Types of Information Systems
Slide 10
Expert Systems cont/
• Programs that make the knowledge or
ability of experts widely available
• Usually developed by eliciting
knowledge from experts
• This is stored in a ‘Knowledge Base’
which acts as a database for the user
Types of Information Systems
Slide 11
More about Expert
Systems
• Only useful to help solve highlystructured problems (diagnose fault
with a car or diagnose a disease or
illness)
Types of Information Systems
Slide 12
Components of an Expert
System
– Rules in the form of if-then
relationships
– Knowledge in the form of a database the ‘Knowledge Base’
– An Inference Engine – which is the
software that draws the conclusions
– Human interaction – the users
Types of Information Systems
Slide 13
What is a Knowledge
Management System?
• A system that uses data that is
collected either intentionally or
accidentally in the course of business
Types of Information Systems
Slide 14
Data Mining
• This is the practice of analysing data
and using the findings to further the
strategic objectives of the company
(direct mailings etc)
• Store loyalty cards are used to
collect vast quantities of information
about customers
Types of Information Systems
Slide 15