Transcript Understanding e-Business Fundamental

Pertemuan 16
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Materi :
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Understanding Knowledge Management
Concept and Application
Buku Wajib & Sumber Materi :
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Turban, Efraim, R. Kelly Rainer and Richard E.
Potter (2003). Introduction to Information
Technology. Second Edition. John Wiley &
Sons, Inc. Bab 11
DSS
• Sensitivity Analysis
▫ the study of the effect that changes in one or
more parts of a model have on other parts of the
model
• What-if Analysis
▫ checks the impact of a change in the
assumptions or other input data on the
proposed solution
• Goal-seeking Analysis
▫ find the value of the inputs necessary to achieve
a desired level of output
DSS
• Components and Structure of DSS
▫ Data Management
 Includes the database(s) containing relevant data for the
decision situation
▫ User Interface
 Enables the users to communicate with and command the
DSS
▫ Model Management
 Includes software with financial, statistical, management
science, or other quantitative models
▫ Knowledge Management
 Provides knowledge for solution of the problem; supports
any of the other subsystems or act as an independent
component
DSS
Enterprise Decision Support
• Executive Information Systems
▫ Meet information needs of executives
 Very limited time
 Need to monitor and identify problematic trends
 Need external as well as internal information
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Rapid access to data needed to executives
Very easy user interface
Highly graphical
Often connected with online information services
Incorporates email
Enterprise Decision Support
• Executive Information Systems
▫ Capabilities of EIS
 Drill down
 Critical success factors and key performance
indicators
 Status access
 Trend analysis
 Ad hoc analysis
 Exception reporting
 Intelligent EIS
 Integration with DSS; web accessibility
Enterprise Decision Support
• Group Decision Support Systems
▫ Facilitate solution of semistructured and
unstructured decisions by a group of decision
makers
▫ Help the group be productive by mitigating some
negative group behaviors
▫ Support the group’s process by encouraging idea
generation, improving communication, and
applying analytical tools as needed to the problem
Enterprise Decision Support
• GDSS Implementations
▫ Face-to-face meetings – special ‘decision room’
created with linked computers and GDSS software;
use is facilitated by trained leader
▫ Corporate ‘war room’ – information displayed
graphically and analyses conducted for all to see
▫ Support for virtual teams – collaborative team tools
for geographically dispersed teams; support
discussion, calendars, polling, etc.
What can we do with the stored
data?
• Data mining – intelligent search of data stored
in data marts or warehouses
▫ Find predictive information
▫ Discover unknown patterns
• End users perform mining tasks with very
powerful tools
• Mining tools apply advanced computing
techniques (learning, intelligence)
Data Mining and Analysis
Concerns
• Ethical Issues
▫ Valuable data-mined information may violate
individual privacy
▫ Who is accountable for incorrect decisions that are
based on DSS?
▫ Human judgment is fallible
▫ Job loss due to automated decision making?
• Legal Issues
▫ Discrimination based on data mining results
▫ Data security from external snooping or sabotage
▫ Data ownership of personal data
Data Visualization
• Analyzed data can be even more useful if
presented using Data Visualization techniques
▫ Visual Interactive Modeling – graphic display of
decision consequences
▫ Visual Interactive Simulation – simulation model is
animated and can be viewed and modified by
decision maker
▫ Geographic Information Systems – display data
related to geographic location using digitized maps
What is Knowledge Management?
• Key Concepts
▫ Knowledge assets - regarding markets, products,
technologies, and organizations that a business
owns or needs to own
▫ Best practices - collection of the most successful
solutions and/or case studies
▫ Intellectual capital - collection of knowledge
amassed by an organization over the years
▫ Knowledge system - collects knowledge, stores it in a
database, maintains the database, and disseminates
the knowledge to users
▫ Competitive intelligence - collection of competitive
information
IT Support for Knowledge
Management
• Knowledge identification – what is important?
• Knowledge discovery and analysis – finding and
organizing knowledge
• Knowledge acquisition – going and getting needed
knowledge by asking or promoting idea generation
• Establishment of organizational knowledge
bases – storing and organization corporate knowledge
• Knowledge distribution and use – ensuring that
those who need knowledge can access it
Implementing Knowledge
Management
• Reorganize as knowledge-based organizations
• Created a new position, chief knowledge
officer (CKO)
▫ creating knowledge management infrastructure
▫ building a knowledge culture
▫ making it pay off
• Facilitate organizational learning
▫ learn from their experiences in order to survive
Promoting Idea Generation
• Key source of knowledge is creative idea
generation by individuals or groups
• Software tools (GDSS) can promote productive
idea generation for groups
• Software tools also available for individuals to
help stimulate creative production of ideas