Transcript MirrorsOnOurselvesIntroduction

Mirrors on Ourselves
Elaine Rich
A Parable from the Book Lieh Tzu
Book V of the Book
of Lieh-Tzü
A book of Taoist
teachings from the
3rd century B.C.
Ganesha
The birth of Ganesha
Durga
The birth of Durga
Rabbi Loew and the
Golem
The Golem legend from 16th century
Prague
Comments on the legend
Pygmalion and Galatea
Recounted by Ovid in about 5 CE
Jean-Michel Moreau le Jeune
(Les Métamorphoses d'Ovide,
Paris 1806).
Homunculi
Paul Struck, Triptychon der
klassischen Walpurgisnacht, Faust II
v. J.W.Goethe, 1975/76, linker
Außenflügel
The Nightingale
Written in 1844 by Hans Christian Anderson
Vaucanson’s Duck
1739
Vaucanson’s Automata
Edison’s Talking
Doll
1888
The Turk
The Turk
• Built by Wolfgang von
Kempelen (1734 – 1804).
The Turk
• Constructed and unveiled in 1770 to
impress the Austro-Hungarian Empress
Marie-Theresa.
• Toured Europe and America for 85 years.
• Destroyed by fire in 1852.
• The secret unveiled in 1857.
The Turk
How it worked:
Exploited:
• Levers
• Magnets
• A candle
A Modern
Reconstruction
Built by John Gaughan. First
displayed in 1989. Controlled
by a computer. Uses the
Turk’s original chess board.
Chess Today
In 1997, Deep Blue beat Garry
Kasparov.
Does This Mean It’s Curtains for Humans?
How much do you need to know to play chess?
How Much Computation Does it Take?
• Middle game branching factor: about 35.
• Lookahead required to play master level chess: about 8.
• 358  21012.
Ambrose Bierce
1842 – 1914?
The Devil’s Dictionary
• Bore
– A person who talks when you wish him to listen.
• Cannon
– An instrument employed in the rectification of national
boundaries.
• Cat
– A soft indestructible automaton provided by Nature to be kicked
when things go wrong in the domestic circle.
• Christian
– One who believes that the New Testament is a divinely inspired
book admirably suited to the spiritual needs of his neighbor. One
who follows the teachings of Christ in so far as they are not
inconsistent with a life of sin.
REEM-A
http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Science-FictionNews.asp?NewsNum=1212
What is Artificial Intelligence?
A.I. is the study of how to make computers do things that
people are better at or would be better at if they could
extend what they do to a world wide web-sized amount
of data and not make mistakes.
How Will We Recognize AI?
1950 Alan Turing’s paper, Computing Machinery and
Intelligence, described what is now called “The Turing
Test”. http://www.abelard.org/turpap/turpap.htm
1990 Loebner Prize established. Grand Prize of
$100,000 and a Gold Medal for the first computer whose
responses are indistinguishable from a human.
The Origins of AI Hype
1950 Turing predicted that in about fifty years "an average
interrogator will not have more than a 70 percent chance of
making the right identification after five minutes of
questioning".
1957 Newell and Simon predicted that "Within ten years a
computer will be the world's chess champion, unless the rules
bar it from competition."
Was Turing Right?
A conversation with Jabberwacky, 2003
Jabberwacky: Have you been to the Moon?
User: No. Few have. Have you?
Jabberwacky: Many a time my dear chap!
User: What was the most interesting thing you saw?
Jabberwacky: Fred.
User: Why did you find him interesting?
Jabberwacky: It just came into my head.
User: What sorts of things do you generally find interesting?
Jabberwacky: Nothing but smelly socks.
Another One
A Conversation with Alice, 2004
>What's the best place to eat Chinese food?
ALICE: My favorite places are California and Maine. Holland
is cool too.
>What do you like about Maine?
ALICE: The special effects are the best.
http://www.alicebot.org/
Alice, Again
>Who invented paper towels?
ALICE: The Chinese, long before Europeans.
>Who invented pet rocks?
ALICE: The Wright Brothers.
>Who invented Barbie dolls?
ALICE: Thomas Edison.
Alice Again
A Conversation with Alice, January 2005
Human: Isn't the tsunami thing sad?
ALICE: If it is, then I'll be very surprised.
Human: but it is.
ALICE: Umm. Huh.
Human: Over a hundred thousand people have died.
ALICE: Does "it" still refer to the tsunami thing sad?
Human: yes
ALICE: Blimey.
Let’s Chat with Bots
• Alice
• Jabberwacky
• Elbot
Machine Translation Today
Austin Police are trying to find the person responsible for robbing a
bank in Downtown Austin.
El policía de Austin está intentando encontrar a la persona
responsable de robar un banco en Austin céntrica.
The police of Austin is trying to find the responsible person to rob a
bank in centric Austin.
Common Sense Reasoning
Mary was excited when she found out that Sue had
invited her to her birthday party. She wondered
whether she should get her the new Harry Potter
book.
Mary was excited when she found out that Sue had
invited her to her birthday party. She wondered
whether she would like the new Harry Potter book.
Rossum’s
Universal
Robots
A play by Karel Čapek, 1920
The Three Laws of
Robotics
1942
The Three Laws of Robotics
•
•
•
A robot may not injure a human being or,
through inaction, allow a human being to
come to harm.
A robot must obey orders given to it by
human beings except where such orders
would conflict with the First Law.
A robot must protect its own existence as
long as such protection does not conflict
with the First or Second Law.
Are We Special?
Consciousness
Me
You
The Difference Between Us and Them
Aaron
Should We Do It?
The Luddites, 1812
A Calmer Vision
Kurzweil’s Vision
With Folded
Hands
http://ia300118.us.archive.org/2/it
ems/DimensionX/Dimx_e002_WithFoldedHands.
MP3
1951
1956
1986
2004