Transcript Cells
Chapter 3
Cells Under the Microscope
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (16321723) - First to see “animalcules” in
pond water
The Cell Theory
1. Made of 1 or more cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit.
3. All cells come from other cells.
All Cells Have
Cell Membrane: Surrounds
Cell
Cytoplasm: Water-like inside
DNA: Genetic material
Ribosomes: Make Proteins
Cell Size
Smalls cells
More efficient
Two Basic Cell Types
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Size
Small
Large
DNA
No nucleus
Within nucleus
Organelles
No organelles
Membrane-bound
organelles
Body Type
Unicellular
Unicellular or
Multicellular
Prokaryote
Bacteria
Smallest simplest
cells
Cell Wall: Surrounds
cell membrane &
provides structural
support
Flagellum: Long
threadlike structures
that enable movement
Organelle
Membrane-bound structures that carries
out specific activities in the cell.
“Little organs”
They Both Have
Nucleus
Contain DNA
Nucleolus: Where
ribosomes are
made
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Membrane bound
Rough ER:
Has Ribosomes
Makes Proteins
Smooth ER:
Makes Lipids
Golgi Apparatus
Golgi processes &
packages into
vesicles (small sac
used for moving
things around the
cell)
Distributes vesicles
for use inside cell or
exported outside cell
Mitochondria
Makes ATP (energy)
from breaking down
food
Surrounded by
membranes, contain
DNA & ribosomes
Came from prokaryotes
(endosymbiosis)
Lysosomes
Contains special
enzymes for
digestion in the cell.
Animal Cells Can Also Have
Hair-like structures
used for cell
movement
Flagella: Like those
found in bacteria
Plant Cells
Cell Wall
Surrounds & supports cell
Maintains cell shape
Protects
Connects to other cells
Chloroplasts
Uses sunlight to make
sugar.
Provide energy for
cell.
Surrounded by double
membrane, contains
DNA.
Came from
prokaryotes
(endosymbiosis)
Vacuole
Large sac that stores water & other
substances
Full makes cell rigid
Cell Analogy