Transcript Organelles ppt organelles1

Cells & Organelles
Cells
• Smallest unit of life
• Made up of ORGANELLES
• separate part of the cell with a unique
function
• Two types
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Essential Functions
• Cells have 5 Essential Functions
• Structure
• Transportation
• Information Storage & Command
• Production
• Energy
• All organelles fall into ONE OR MORE of
these categories
Nucleus
•
Function
• Manages cell organelles
• Contains the cell’s
genetic information
•
Features:
• Nucleolus
• makes ribosomes
• Found inside the
nucleus
Nucleus
• Features cont.:
• Nuclear
membrane
• Separates the
nucleus from
the rest of the
cell.
Cytoplasm
•
Functions:
•
•
•
Allows chemical
reactions
Supports
organelles (like
pieces of fruit in
jelly)
Features:
•
•
Jelly-like
70-90% water
Cytoskeleton
•
•
Functions:
•
•
•
*a network of protein fibers
Gives strength, support & shape
to the cell
Provides movement for objects
inside cell
Features:
•
•
Can be dis- and reassembled to
change shape of cell
Acts like a monorail system for
transport using “motor proteins.”
Mitochondria
• Function:
• the center of cell
respiration/energy
processing
•
Converts glucose
(sugar) from food to
useable form of energy
called ATP. ATP is used
by cells to do work.
• Features:
• double membranes
• own DNA
Cell Membrane
•
•
Function:
•
Controls what
enters/exits the cell
Features:
•
•
found around outside
of cell
Selectively
permeable: only
allows certain
substances in and
out of cell.
Cell Membrane
•
Feature cont.:
• made of a phospholipid
bilayer
• Swap a phosphate for
one fatty acid in a
triglyceride
• Hydrophilic phosphate
faces the water
• Hydrophobic tails
gather together away
from water
Organelles
• Some organelles are part of a
system of PROTEIN SYNTHESIS (to
put together)
• Assembly
• Transport
• Storage
Rough ER
• Function:
• Specializes in making
proteins and
transporting them
• Features:
• Long membrane
“channels”
• Attached to nuclear
membrane.
• Does have ribosomes
attached
Ribosomes
•
•
Function:
•
make proteins for
the cell to use
Features:
•
•
Some floating free
in the cytoplasm
Some attached to
the endoplasmic
reticulum
Smooth ER
•
Function:
•
•
•
transport and
communication
Synthesis of fats &
carbohydrates
Features:
•
•
No ribosomes attached
has tubes and canals.
Golgi Apparatus
•
Function:
•
•
•
•
Makes membranes
creates some products
for secretion
packages proteins for
storage and/or
shipment
Features:
•
•
Looks like stacks of
pancakes
Many layers of
membranes
Vesicles
• Function:
• Carry finished
products to
interior or
exterior of cell.
• Feature:
• Membranes
formed from
Golgi or Cell
Membrane
Lysosome
• Function:
• Digest worn out
organelles & foreign
particles
• Destroy bacteria
• Remove toxic
wastes
• Features:
• Contain digestive
enzymes
• About 40 types
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1w10R9lv7eQ&fe
ature=endscreen&NR=1
Cell Wall
•
•
Function:
•
Provides rigid support
and structure to plant
cells
Features:
•
•
Found outside the cell
membrane
Made mostly of
carbohydrates
Chloroplast
•
Function:
• convert light energy
into food (sugars and
starches)
•
Features:
• Contain pigments
(like chlorophyll) that
help capture light
energy
• Have own DNA
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Practice
• What are the 5 essential functions of
a cell?
• List 2 organelles that could fall into
each category.