Transcript Production edited by MJP-2005

Production
The Purpose of Manufacturing
and
Components Needed to Make It Work
Concept to Distribution
Identify Need
Conceptualization
Market Analysis
Concurrent
Engineering
Research
&
Development
Product and Process
Development
Production
and
Continuous Improvement
Marketing
and
Distribution
Conceptualization
Brain/Eye
The
Conceptualization
Paper
Cycle
Hand/Eye
Conceptualization
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Specifications-the main task is to
determine the design specifications or
clarify the design requirements.
Conceptualization
Conceptualization
Concurrent Engineering
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Concurrent engineering is a concept to reduce the design cycle
and improve product value.
Based on the integrated design of products and manufacturing
and support processes.
Manufacturability must be considered from the very start of
product development and designed into the product as it is
being conceived.
All aspects of manufacturing from customer to marketing need
to be involved throughout the process.
Design for Manufacturability
Function
Safety
Customization
Cost
Customers’
Needs
Style
Assembly
Quality
Time to Market
Final
Design
Reliability
Recycling
Expansion
Shipping
Human Factors
Pollution
Serviceability
Upgrading
Future Designs
Research & Development
Research & Development
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Research & Development (R&D) is a process in which
new products and new forms of old products are
brought into being through technological innovation.
The foundation of any innovation is an invention.
The concept of research is as old as science; the
relationship between research and subsequent
development was not generally recognized until the
1950’s.
Research & Development
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New products and new processes usually have their
roots in research and have a path from laboratory idea,
through prototype, to manufacturing and production,
and finally to market introduction.
Industrial research and development is commonly
directed toward a generalized goal, which includes the
steps necessary to bring a new or modified product or
process into production.
Research & Development
History
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The first case of a laboratory that spent a significant
part of its parent company's revenues was that of the
Edison Electric Light Company, which employed a staff
of 20 in 1878.
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The U.S. National Bureau of Standards was established
in 1901, 31 years after its German counterpart.
American companies started to take research seriously
just before World War I. General Electric, DuPont,
American Telephone & Telegraph, Westinghouse,
Eastman Kodak, and Standard Oil set up laboratories for
the first time during this period.
Research & Development
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The pressure on industry created by the Great
Depression in the 1930s, caused companies to seek
savings in their research and development expenditure.
It was not until World War II that research and
development in the United States and Britain returned
to previous levels.
Brilliant achievements during WWII by research and
development scientists and engineers had produced
radar, the atomic bomb, and the V-2 rocket and had
created a public awareness of the potential value of
research that ensured it a major place in industry.
Research & Development
Research and Development Laboratory
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Laboratories fall into three clear categories:
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Research Laboratories
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Development Laboratories
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Test Laboratories
Research Laboratory
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Research labs carry out both pure and applied research
work. They usually support a company as a whole,
rather than any one department.
Research personnel report to the highest levels of
corporate management.
Research & Development
Development Laboratory
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Development labs are specifically committed to support
a particular process or product line. They are normally
under the direct control of the department responsible
for manufacturing and marketing.
Development labs are used to solve problems by many
sections of each company. They maintain close contacts
with people in manufacturing, advertising, marketing,
sales, and other departments who are responsible for
products or processes.
Research & Development
Test Laboratory
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Test laboratories may serve a whole company or group
of companies. They are responsible for monitoring the
quality of output.
Test laboratories often require chemical, physical, and
metallurgical analyses of incoming materials, as well as
checks at every stage of a process.
These laboratories may be a part of a manufacturing
organization, but many companies give materials and
products to an independent contractor like Underwriters
Laboratories.
Market Analysis
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Early marketing economists examined industrial markets.
This examination resulted in the development of three
approaches to the analysis of marketing activity: the
commodity, the institution, and the function.
Commodity Analysis studies the ways in which a product or
product group is brought to market.
Institutional Analysis describes the types of businesses that
play a prevalent role in marketing, such as wholesale or
retail institutions.
Functional Analysis examines the general tasks that
marketing performs. Also, it ensures that the product is
transported from the supplier to the customer.
Market Analysis
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Marketing is the process by which a society organizes
and distributes its resources to meet the material needs
of its citizens.
Large companies began to recognize the importance of
market research, better product design, effective
distribution, and sustained communication with
consumers throughout the 20th century.
It soon became apparent that organizations and
individuals market not only goods and services but also
ideas (social marketing), places (location marketing),
personalities (celebrity marketing), and events (event
marketing.
Market Analysis
Roles of Marketing
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Marketing is the way in which an organization
determines its best opportunities in the marketplace,
given its objectives and resources.
The marketing process includes the "4 Ps": product,
price, place (or distribution), and promotion. This
process is followed by evaluating, controlling, and
revising the marketing process to achieve the
organization's objectives.
Marketing includes selling, advertising, promotion,
marketing, product development, packaging, pricing,
distribution, and customer service.
Market Analysis
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The marketing department may include brand and
product managers, marketing researchers, sales
representatives, advertising and promotion managers,
pricing specialists, and customer service personnel.
The strategic phase of marketing has three
components: Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning.
The organization must distinguish among different
groups of customers in the market (segmentation),
choose which group(s) it can serve effectively
(targeting), and communicate the central benefit it
offers to that group (positioning).
Market Analysis
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The philosophy of marketing puts central
emphasis on customer satisfaction as the
means for gaining and keeping loyal
customers.
Marketing’s role is to carefully and continually
gauge target customers' expectations and to
consistently meet or exceed these
expectations.
Marketing, consequently, is far too important
to be done solely by the marketing
department.
Product & Process Development
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Products are made up of parts +/or
components
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New or existing
Commercially available vs. Inventing new
parts
Cost
Qty required
When are parts needed
Product & Process Development
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Process
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How will the part/component be
manufactured?
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First lay out the fabrication process
What steps are required to build the product
What rates will be required to meet demand?
Can we use existing Mfg. lines?
Do we need to build new facilities?
Production
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Is the activity that takes your concept
from an idea and produces a real,
concrete product you can touch & feel…
All material requirements are defined
All material needs are ordered and
delivered to the production line
Production
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All Production needs come together
The investment needed to produce
product is finalized
The investment in
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Man
Machine
Materials
Mfg Facilities
Key Terms
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JIT – Just – in – Time manufactiuring
Real Time Inspection
Total Quality Management
CNC – Computer Numerical Controlled
Flexible MFG Systems
Marketing
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Defines
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Who the customer is
Where the customer lives
How much will that customer buy
How often will that customer buy
This info is supplied to MFG to
determine capacity needs
Distribution
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How will product get to market?
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Your own Fleet
Post/UPS/ FEDEX
Rail
Truck
Distribution
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How will the product be sold?
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Retail
Wholesale
Distributors
MFG’s Reps
Direct Sales – Internet or telesales
eBay