Transcript cell - Solon City Schools

Cell Organelles
COMMON CELL TRAITS
 A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of
performing life functions.
COMPARING CELLS
 The size & shape of a
cell relates to its
function. (job it does)
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
(proh KAYR ee yah tihk)
 cells without a nucleus
 EX: bacteria
pond scum
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
(yew KAYR ee yah tihk)
 cells with a nucleus
 EX: animals,
plants, fungi and
protists
ORGANELLES
 Organelle = “little
organ”
 An organelle is a
membrane-bound
structure that carries
out specific activities for
the cell.
 Found only inside
eukaryotic cells
CELL WALL
(Plant Cell Only)
 Protects and supports
 Gives shape
 Stiff covering located outside of the cell membrane
 Allows materials to pass through
 A cell wall is found in plants, algae, fungi, & most
bacteria cells.
CELL MEMBRANE
 Outer covering, protective
layer around ALL cells.
 For cells with cell walls, the cell
membrane is inside the cell
wall.
 Allows food, oxygen, & water
into the cell & waste products
out of the cell.
CYTOPLASM
 Not an organelle
 Cyto=cell
 Translucent, grayish, jellylike
 All organelles reside (live and float around in) the
cytoplasm
 Gelatin-like inside cell membrane
 Constantly flows
 Made mostly of water
NUCLEUS
 Directs all cell activities
 Contains instructions for
everything the cell does
 These instructions are
found on a hereditary
material called DNA
 Usually the largest
organelle
 Easiest organelle to see
under a microscope
CHLOROPLAST
(Plant Cell Only)
 Contains chlorophyll
 Makes plants green
 Uses light energy to
make ATP & sugars
 Photosynthesis takes
place here
CHLOROPHYLL
 A green chemical that
gives leaves & stems
their color
 Captures sunlight energy
that is used to produce
food called glucose
 Glucose is a type of
sugar
MITOCHONDRIA
 Organelles that release
energy from food
 This energy is released by
breaking down food into
carbon dioxide
 A.k.a. the powerhouse b/c
they release energy from
food
RIBOSOMES
 Make proteins
 Float freely or attached
to the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER)
 Ribosomes are made in
the nucleus
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
 A.k.a. “ER”
 A series of folded
membranes that move
materials (proteins) around in
a cell
 Like a conveyor belt
 Smooth ER – ribosomes not
attached to ER
 Rough ER – ribosomes
attached to ER
GOLGI COMPLEX
 Stack of flat, pancakeshaped discs
 Modify, sort, package, and
store carbohydrates and
proteins until they are
needed.
 Makes lysosomes
LYSOSOMES
 Breaks down materials
for digestion
 Contains special
enzymes for digestion
in the cell
 Garbage disposal of the
cell
VACUOLE
 Most plant cells have
one large one
 Filled w/ fluid
 Temporary storage
spaces
 Stores food, water,
waste
Plant and Animal Cells both have:
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm with organelles
Plant and Animal Cell Differences
 PLANT CELL
 ANIMAL CELL
 Has a cell wall which is
thicker and tougher than
a cell membrane.
 Does not contain a
cell wall.
 Contains chloroplasts
which contain
chlorophyll and allows
the plant to make its
own food.
 Does not contain
chloroplasts.
Technology Project Review
1- Nucleus
2- Chromosomes
3- Mitochondria
4- Ribosomes
5- Chloroplasts
6- Vacuoles
7- ER
8- Cell Membrane
Quick Review
 Which organelle is the control center of the cell?
Nucleus
 Which organelle holds the cell together?
Cell membrane
 Which organelles are not found in animal cells?
Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts
 Which organelle helps plant cells make food?
Chloroplasts
 What does E.R. stand for?
Endoplasmic reticulum
NAME THE ORGANELLE
a. _________
b. ___________
c. ___________
d. ____________
NAME THE ORGANELLE
a. Nucleus
b. Chloroplast
c. Golgi body
d. Mitochondria