Transcript Cell Organelles and Organization

Cell Organelles and
Organization
Two Major Types of Cells
• Prokaryote- organisms that lacks a nucleus
and membrane bound organelles (bacteria)
• Eukaryote- organisms with a nuclei (plants
and animals) and membrane bound
organelles as well as other cell structures
Cellular Organization
• Cells are diverse in their size and shape and
type
• All cells are made up of some basic parts
– A boundary
– An interior substance
– A control center
Cell Membrane
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Also called Plasma Membrane
Location: Outside perimeter
Prokaryotes, Plants, & Animals
Function: controls what enter and
leaves the cell
Structure of Cell Membrane
• Selectively Permeable:
–picks and chooses what is allowed to
enter/exit
Cytoplasm
• Location: Jelly-like substance in
between cell membrane and
nucleus
• Plants and Animals &
Prokaryotes
• Function: metabolism
Nucleus
• Plants and Animals
• Function: Control center for
metabolism and reproduction
Chromatin/Chromosomes
• Inside nucleus
• Plants and Animals
• Function: DNA
Nuclear Envelope:
• Surrounds the nucleus
• Plants and Animals
• Allows things to enter and exit
nucleus
Nucleolus
• Inside nucleus
• Plants and Animals
• Function: makes ribosomes
Ribosomes
• Plants and Animals
• Function: makes proteins
Cell Wall
• Location: outside perimeter
• Found in prokaryotes and plants
• Function: gives cells its shape and
protection
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Plants and Animals
• Function: highway of cell;
moves material from one end to
the next
Two Types:
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
(ER): ribosomes attached
• Smooth ER: no ribosomes
Goligi Bodies or Complex
• Plants and Animals
• Looks like a flattened
stack of pancakes
• Membrane bound
sacs that modify and
transport proteins to
parts of the cell
Lysosome
• Plants and
Animals
• Garbage
disposal; break
down/digests
food or bacteria
Mitochondria
• Plants and
Animals
• Powerhouse of
cell
• Produces energy
for the cell
Microtubules
• Eukaryotes
(plants and
animals)
• Gives cell
shape
Microfilaments
• Eukaryotes
(plants and
animals)
• Involved with
cell movement
Cilia and Flagella
• Both prokaryotes and
eukaryotes (plants and animals)
• Function: Hair-like structures
for movement
Cilia and Flagella
• Cilia
• Flagella
Vacuoles
• Plants: one large one
• Animals: several small ones
• Function: isolating threats,
containing wastes, materials
like ions, water(similar to
sponge)
Plastids
• Plants only
• Two types:
1. Leucoplasts: starch storage
2. Chromoplasts: pigments for color
Chloroplast
• Type of chromoplast
• Contains chlorophyll; site for
photosynthesis
• Grana and stoma are part of
chloroplast
Endosymbiosis
• Theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts
were really once bacteria or prokaryotes
Centrioles
• Inside cells
• animals
• Function: cellular division
Organization of Cells in Living
Things:
Unicellular Organisms
• Example: bacteria, fungi, algae
• Able to carry on all life
processes
• Usually colonial organisms
Multicellular Organisms
• Cells---Tissues---Organ---Organ
Systems
Tissue
• Group of cells that are similar
and perform same function
• Types: epithelial (skin),
connective (bone), and muscle
to name a few
Organ
• Group of tissues that work
together to perform a specific
function
• EX: Stomach, Liver
Organ System
• Group of organs that work
together to perform a function
• EX: digestive system
Critical Thinking Question
• Why do you think the cells of all
multicellular organisms are specialized?