Transcript Cell Organelles and Organization

Cell Organelles and
Organization
What to consider?
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Prokaryote- organisms that lack nuclei
(bacteria)
Eukaryote- organisms with a nuclei
(plants and animals)
CELL WALL
Location: outside perimeter
 Found in prokaryotes and plants
 Function: gives cells its shape
and protection
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Cell Membrane
Location: Outside perimeter
 Also called Plasma Membrane
 Prokaryotes, Plants, & Animals
 Function: controls what enter
and leaves the cell
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Structure of Cell Membrane
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Selectively Permeable:
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pick and chose what is allowed to
enter/exit
Nucleus
Plants and Animals
 Function: Control center for
metabolism and reproduction
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Nucleolus
Inside nucleus
 Plants and Animals
 Function: makes ribosomes
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Nuclear Envelope:
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Surrounds the nucleus
Plants and Animals
Allows things to enter and
exit nucleus
Chromatin/Chromosomes
Inside nucleus
 Plants and Animals
 Function: DNA
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Cytoplasm
Location: Jelly-like substance
in between cell membrane
and nucleus
 Plants and Animals &
Prokaryotes
 Function: metabolism
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Plants and Animals
 Function: highway of cell;
moves material from one
end to the next
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Two Types:
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Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER): ribosomes
attached
Smooth ER: no ribosomes
Ribosomes
Plants and Animals
 Function: makes proteins
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Goligi Bodies or Complex
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Plants and Animals
Looks like a flattened
stack of pancakes
Modify and transport
proteins to parts of
the cell
Lysosome
Plants and
Animals
 Garbage
disposal;
break down
food or
bacteria
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Mitochondria
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Plants and
Animals
Powerhouse of
cell
Produces
energy for the
cell
Microtubules
Eukaryotes
(plants and
animals)
 Gives cell
shape
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Microfilaments
Eukaryotes
(plants and
animals)
 Involved
with cell
movement
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Cilia and Flagella
Both prokaryotes and
eukaryotes (plants and
animals)
 Function: Hair-like structures
for movement
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Cilia and Flagella
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Cilia
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Flagella
Vacuoles
Plants: one large
 Animals: several small ones
 Function: digest food or
remove excess water (similar
to sponge)
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Plastids
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1.
2.
Plants only
Two types:
Leucoplasts: starch storage
Chromoplasts: pigments for color
Chloroplast
Type of chromoplast
 Contains chlorophyll; site for
photosynthesis
 Grana and stoma are part of
chloroplast
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Endosymbiosis
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Theory that mitochondria and
chloroplasts were really once bacteria or
prokaryotes
Centrioles
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Inside cells
Eukaryotes (plants and animals)
Function: cellular division
Organization of Cells in Living
Things:
Unicellular Organisms
Example: bacteria, fungi,
algae
 Able to carry on all life
processes
 Usually colonial organisms
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Multicellular Organisms
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Cells---Tissues---Organ--Organ Systems
Tissue
Group of cells that are
similar and perform same
function
 Types: epithelial (skin),
connective (bone), and
muscle to name a few
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Organ
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Group of tissues that work
together to perform a
specific function
EX: Stomach, Liver
Organ System
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Group of organs that work
together to perform a
function
EX: digestive system
Critical Thinking Question
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Why do you think the cells of all
multicellular organisms are specialized?