Transcript Cell Wall
1 Organelles Very small size Can only be observed under a microscope Have specific functions Found throughout cytoplasm 2 Organelles Found in Cells Examples of Organelles include: Cell Wall – gives the cell its shape Cell Membrane – regulates what goes in and out of the cell Nucleus - Control center of the cell Nucleolus - makes ribosomes Cytoplasm – Jelly-like substance that fills the cell. 3 Organelles Found in Cells Organelles continued: Mitochondria – Powerhouse of the cell Ribosomes – produce proteins for the cell Endoplasmic reticulum (rough & smooth) – canals for movement Golgi Bodies – wrap & export proteins Lysosomes – digests & gets rid of wastes 4 Cell Wall Cell wall (not all cells) Nonliving layer Gives structure and shape to bacteria, plant and fungus cells. 5 Plasma Membrane Cell membrane Lies immediately against the cell wall in plant cells Made of protein and phospholipids Selectively permeable 6 Cell or Plasma Membrane Cell membrane Living layer Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell; 7 Cytoplasm of a Cell Cytoplasm Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane; Make up a little more than half of the cells volume; 8 More on Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Contains organelles to carry out specific jobs Examples: chloroplast & mitochondrion 9 Control Organelle Nucleus Controls the normal activities of the cell Contain the DNA Contains chromosomes Bounded by a nuclear membrane 10 More on the Nucleus Nucleus Each cell has fixed number of chromosomes that carry genes; Genes control cell characteristics 11 Nucleolus • Cell may have 1 to 3 nucleoli • Inside nucleus • Disappears when cell divides • Makes ribosomes that make proteins 12 Cell Powerhouse Mitochondrion ( mitochondria ) Rod shape Site of Cellular respiration 13 Mitochondria Cellular respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O Glucose (sugar) Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Water ATP = Energy 14 Cellular respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O Glucose (sugar) Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Water By regulating cellular respiration, Mitochondria regulate the amount of energy produced by the cell 15 Prodution of Proteins Ribosomes Site of Protein Synthesis “Where they are made” 16 Endoplasmic Reticulum Functions in the delivery of materials from one part of the cell to another For example, delivery of lipids and hormones produced by the cell to the cell membrane for excretion 17 Smooth & Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth ER lacks ribosomes & involved in the production & storage of lipids Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface & makes proteins to EXPORT 18 Golgi Bodies • Stacks of flattened sacs • Have a shipping side & a receiving side • Receive & packages proteins made by ER • Transport vesicles with modified proteins pinch off the ends Transport vesicle 19 Lysosome • Contain digestive enzymes • Break down food and worn out cell parts for cells • Programmed for cell death (lyse & release enzymes to break down & recycle cell parts) 20 Plant Cell Cell wall Dead layer Large empty spaces present between cellulose fibers Freely permeable 21 Plant Cell Cell wall Made of cellulose which forms very thin fibers Strong and rigid Found in plant cells 22 Plant Cell Cell wall Protect and support the enclosed substances (protoplasm) Give shape to the cell 23 Plant Cell Organelles Chloroplast Contain the green pigment chlorophyll Traps sunlight to make to make sugars (food) Process called photosynthesis 24 Chloroplast cont. Photosynthesis Light Energy 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 Carbon Dioxide Water Glucose (sugar) Oxygen Converts Solar energy into Chemical energy 25 Plant Cell Organelles Vacuole Have a large central vacuole Contains Sugars, proteins, minerals, wastes, & pigments 26 Different kinds of plant cells Onion Epidermal Cells Guard Cells root hair Root Hair Cell 27 vacuole cytoplasm nucleus mitochondrion glycogen granule Animal cell No cell wall or chloroplast Stores glycogen in the cytoplasm for food energy cell membrane 28 Animal Cell Organelles • Near the nucleus • Paired structures • Help cell divide 29 Different kinds of animal cells white blood cell Amoeba red blood cell muscle cell cheek cells sperm nerve cell Paramecium 30 Similarities between plant cells and animal cells Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm Both have a nucleus Both contain mitochondria 31 Differences between plant cells and animal cells Animal cells Plant cells Relatively smaller in size Relatively larger in size Irregular shape Regular shape No cell wall Cell wall present 32 Differences between Plant Cells and Animal Cells Animal cells Plant cells Vacuole small or absent Large central vacuole Glycogen as food storage Starch as food storage Nucleus at the center Nucleus near cell wall 33