Transcript Cell structures & Functions

Cell structures & Functions
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Bacterial Cell
Organelles
• Structures that carry out a
specific activities in the cell.
• Found in the
cytoplasm
Cell membrane
• Location: Surrounding the cell
• Function: Controls the movement of materials
into and out of the cell
– “Selectively permeable”
•Made of proteins
and phospholipids
Cytoplasm
• Location: most of cell
• Function: jelly like substance that
provides support for organelles, and a
place for reactions to occur.
Nucleus
• Location: center of cell, bound by
the nuclear membrane.
• Function: controls the normal
activities of the cell.
–Contains chromosomes!
Nucleolus
• Location: inside Nucleus
• Function: makes ribosomes.
Ribosomes
• Location: cytoplasm, and on the
Rough ER
• Function: structure on which
proteins are made.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A highly folded membrane used to move
proteins through the cell.
Two types:
• Smooth ER
–lacks ribosomes
• Rough ER
–has ribosomes
on its surface
Can you tell rough ER from smooth ER?
Golgi Apparatus
• Flattened membrane bound sacs
• Function: packaging and distribution
center
-Contains enzymes that
modify proteins received
in vesicles from the ER.
-Then repackaged in new
vesicles to be shipped
out
Lysosome
• Small, spherical vesicles
Function: Contains cells digestive
enzymes
– Breaks down foods, and worn out cell parts
Mitochondria
• Function: harvests energy from organic
compounds to make ATP (energy)
• Has its own DNA and ribosomes
• Primitive prokaryotes are the ancestors
of mitochondria
Cytoskeleton
• Made up of Microtubules &
Microfilaments
• Function: Structure & support
Plant Cells
Chloroplast
• Function: photosynthesis - traps
sunlight to make sugars (food)
• Contain green pigment called
chlorophyll
Vacuole
• Function: stores compounds such as sugars,
proteins, minerals, wastes, & pigments,
maintains cell structure (turgidity)
• Large single central vacuole
Cell wall
• Function: Gives shape to cell,
protection, support, prevents excess
water entry & “Lysing”
• Made of cellulose, very rigid
• Outside cell membrane
Differences between plant
cells and animal cells
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Animal Cell
Smaller in size
Irregular shape
Nucleus in center
No cell wall
Vacuole small or
none at all
• No chloroplasts
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Plant Cell
Larger in size
Regular shape
Nucleus against wall
Cell wall
Single large Central
vacuole
• Chloroplasts
Cells viewed in Lab
Cork Cells
10X
Elodea cells
Chloroplasts
40X
100X
Onion Cell
Nucleus
Cheek cells