Transcript prokaryote and eukaryote

Prokaryote Cells
And
Eukaryote Cells
Essential Questions
• What are the major differences between
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?
• What are the differences between
Prokaryotes/Eukaryotes and viruses?
• What is the hierarchy of an organism’s level of
organization?
• What are the relative sizes of prokaryotes,
eukaryotes, and viruses?
First, what is a cell?!
•
•
Cells are smallest unit of life.
Discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665 using
microscope.
Every thing we know about cells we call
“cell theory”.
•
–
Developed in 1838 by observations of Schleiden and
Schwann
Cell Theory says that….
1. All living things are made of one or more
cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and
function in all living things. In other words,
cells are like the building blocks of all living
things.
3. New cells are only made from existing cells.
Cells come in all shapes and sizes!
There are two types of cells:
Prokaryotic Cells
and
Eukaryotic Cells
These are two distinct types of cells with
STRUCTURAL differences.
Prokaryotes
Bacteria
Eukaryotes
Animal
Plant
Prokaryotes:
(pro-care-ee-ohts)
•
•
•
•
Smallest, most simplest cell.
Single celled organism.
Does not have a nucleus.
Singular circular chromosome with DNA,
located near center of cell within cytoplasm.
• Has ribosomes but no other organelles.
• Has cell wall – structure around cell membrane,
provides structure and support.
• Some have capsule that surrounds cell wall.
• Flagella – tail like structure; enables
movement.
• Pilus (Pili) – hair like structures around
bacteria that help with attachment to host or
in reproduction.
• All bacteria are prokaryotes
– Bacteria have 3 different shapes.
–
–
–
Bacillus –rod shaped
Coccus – round shaped
Spirilum – spiral shaped
Eukaryote Cell
Aore complex cell with a
nucleus and many
organelles.
Traits of Eukaryotes:
(you-care-ee-othts)
• More complex
• Has a nucleus where genetic material of
cell is stored.
• Have many organelles that work
together doing specific jobs to help cell
function.
More traits of Eukaryotes:
(you-care-ee-othts)
•
•
Can be unicellular or multi-cellular organisms.
Some have cilia -hair-like structures that protrude
from their cells.
– helps some cells move through their environment.
– On other cells helps move substances across
their surfaces.
•
•
ex. cells of human respiratory.
All plants, animals, fungi, and protists are
eukaryotic cells.
Complex Eukaryotes
• Complex organisms have a body system that is
arranged into a certain order called a
hierarchy.
Organelles
• Small structures
inside cell that
perform specific
function.
• Examples include
mitochondria,
nucleus, and Golgi
body
Cell
• Basic unit of structure & function in life.
• Building blocks of all living things.
Tissue
A group of the same kind of cells working
together for a specific purpose.
Organs
A part of an organism made up of
tissues that do a specific job.
Organ Systems
A group of organs that work
together for a specific job.
Organism
Any living thing.
Viruses
•
•
•
•
Nonliving.
Smaller than prokaryotes or eukaryotes.
Can not be seen by compound microscopes.
Not made of cells, has no organelles, and no
nucleus.
• Can not reproduce on own.