Transcript Unit 3 Quarter Review Biology

Quarter Review
Unit 3
Of which elements are most
living things composed?
Oxygen (O) 24%
Carbon (C ) 11%
Nitrogen (N) 4%
Others such as
phosphorus (P) and
sulphur (S) 2%
What property makes
Carbon special for living
things?
It makes four bonds
It forms single, double and
triple
Lots of variety for protein,
nucleic acids, lipids &
carbohydrates
Plants are able to grow
much taller because of this
property of water:
Capillary Action: adhesion/cohesion
of water molecules to each other
and to the sides of the plant
What is a Cell
Organelle?
Organelle=
“little
organ”
Found only
inside
eukaryotic
cells
Nucleus
Job of ___________?
 Control center of
the cell
 Contains DNA
 Surrounded by a
double
membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Connected to
nuclear membrane
Highway of the cell
_______: studded
with ribosomes; it
makes proteins
_____: no ribosomes;
it makes lipids
What is the advantage to multiple folds
(accordian-like) for organelles?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough
_____________:
studded with
ribosomes; it
makes proteins
Smooth
___________:
no
ribosomes; it
makes lipids
Ribosomes
 Site of protein synthesis
 Found attached to rough ER or
floating free in cytosol
 Produced in a
part of the nucleus
called the nucleolus
Golgi Apparatus
 Stores, modifies and packages
proteins
 Molecules transported by means of
vesicles
Lysosomes
 Garbage disposal of the cell
 Contain digestive enzymes that
break down wastes
Mitochondria
 “Powerhouse
of the cell”
 Cellular
respiration
occurs here to
release energy
for the cell to
use
Chloroplast
 Found only in
plant cells
 Contains the
green pigment
chlorophyll
 Site of food
(glucose)
production
Cell Wall
 Found in plant
and bacterial
cells
 Rigid, protective
barrier
 Located outside
of the cell
membrane
Vacuoles
 Large central
vacuole usually in
plant cells
 Many smaller
vacuoles in animal
cells
 Storage container
for water, food,
enzymes, wastes,
pigments, etc.
What type of microscope
may have been used to
take this picture?
Centriole
 Aids in cell
division
 Usually found
only in animal
cells
Plant vs. Animal Cells
Cell Wall
Centrioles
Chloroplast
Large Vacuole
Small
Vacuoles
Cell Membrane
 Importance?
Cell Membrane
 Selectively Permeable
Cell Membrane
 How and Why is arranged this
way?
Cell Membrane
 Hydrophobic tails repelled
from water and are inside;
Hydrophilic heads attracted
to water on outside
Why do we use Stains
when looking at
specimens under a
microscope?
 To help parts stand out
Hypo
Iso
Hyper
Particle moving from
LOW to HIGH…
 ACTIVE
TRANSPORT
 Shown
By RED dots
What is the term for “a
state of balance”, as in,
particles on both sides of
a membrane are in
balance?
EQUILIBRIUM
NAME THE PHASES?
Explain what is happening
A
B
C
D
Answers:
NAME THE PHASE
 A: Anaphase, Sister chromatids
are pulled apart by spindle fibers
and go to opposite sides of the
cell
 B:Metaphase, Chromosomes
(sister chromatids) line up on the
mid-line of the cell; spindle fibers
attach
NAME THE PHASE
 C: Telophase and Cytokinesis:
the cell begins to furrow, and the
organelles and cytoplasm split
between the two cells
 D: Prophase: The DNA has coiled
up and is visible, the nuclear
envelope disappears
GENETICS VOCAB
1)diagram used by biologists to
predict the outcome of a genetic
cross
2)refers to an individual with two
different alleles for a trait
3)condition in which both alleles for
a gene are expressed when
present
4)refers to an individual with two
identical alleles for a trait
5)an alternative form of a gene
6)condition in which a trait in an
individual is intermediate between the
phenotype of its two parents
7)genetic trait that is expressed when it's
allele is homozygous or heterozygous
(strong trait)
8)genetic trait that is not expressed
when the contrasting form of the trait is
present (hidden trait)
9)study of heredity
10)cross involving one pair of
contrasting traits
11)transmission of genetic traits from
parent to offspring
12)A segment of DNA that codes for
one trait
13) A tightly coiled strand of DNA
14)observable characteristics of an
organism
15)the genetic makeup of an
organism as indicated by its set of
alleles
Vocab Answers
1. .
Punnett Square
2. Heterozygous
3. Co-dominance
4. Homozygous
5. Allele
6. Incomplete Dominance
Vocab Answers
7. Dominant
8. Recessive
9. Genetics
10. Monohybrid
11. Inheritance
12. gene
Vocab Answers
13.chromosome
14.Genotype
15.Phenotype