Transcript Cell structures and function PPT

Cell Structure and
Function
Cell – Smallest unit that can carry out
all of the activities necessary for life
Types of Cells
1. Prokaryotes
1.
Eukaryotes
a.
Animal Cells
b.
Plant Cells
Human Cell
Organ = A group of tissues with one or
a few functions : heart, lung, stomach,
liver, pancreas, skin, kidney, etc.)
-elle = small or tiny
Organelle = tiny organs
ORGANELLES
FOUND IN
BOTH
ANIMAL AND PLANT
CELLS
1. CELL MEMBRANE – “Security
Guard” (sac around the cell)
• Semi-permeable - Controls what enters
& leaves the cell
• Protects cell & holds cell together
Plasma Membrane
2. CYTOPLASM
(jelly-like material)
• Supports cell parts
• Allows cell parts to move
3. NUCLEUS – “boss”
a. Control center of the cell
b. NUCLEOLUS
» Controls cell reproduction and
makes ribosomes which make
proteins
c. NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
» Controls what enters and leaves the
nucleus
d. CHROMOSOMES
» Contains the DNA/genes that direct
the making of proteins to make an
organisms traits
» “colored bodies”
4. VACUOLES –
“storage” (bubbles)
a. Storage of food and water, wastes and
enzymes
b. Animal cells have many small ones
while plant cells have one large one
Plant
Vacuole
5. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
“bus” (highway)
a. Transport system in the cell
b. Rough (with ribosomes) and smooth
(none)
c. RIBOSOMES “workers” Produce proteins for the cell
6. MITOCHONDRIA (powerhouse)
a. Converts stored food into energy
for the cell to use.
7. GOLGI BODY – “packaging plant”
(post office)
a. Package & exports protein from the
cell
• Hair, finger nails are good examples of
these proteins
ORGANELLES
FOUND IN
ONLY
ANIMAL CELLS
ANIMAL CELLS ONLY
1. LYSOSOME “Clean up Crew”
a. Contain enzymes thatDigest or gets
rid of worn out cell parts, bacteria or
viruses
b. Found in carnivorous plants
2. CENTRIOLE
• Small part of animal cell that helps in
cell division
•ORGANELLES
FOUND IN
ONLY
PLANT CELLS
PLANT CELLS ONLY
1. CELL WALL (square)
a. Made of Cellulose which makes
plant stiff
b. Supports plant and protects cell
2. CHLOROPLAST (green) “solar
panels”
a. Filled with the green pigment
chlorophyll
b. Makes chemical energy in the form of
sugar from sunlight in the process called
photosynthesis.
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Vacuole
Ribosome
(free)
Chloroplast
Ribosome
(attached)
Cell
Membrane
Nuclear
envelope
Cell wall
Nucleolus
Golgi apparatus
Nucleus
Mitochondrion
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Plant Cell
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Ribosome
(attached)
Nuclear
envelope
Ribosome
(free)
Cell
Membrane
Mitochondrion
Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Centrioles
Golgi apparatus
Animal Cell
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Cell membrane
Contain DNA
Animal Cells
Centrioles
Plant Cells
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Cytoskeleton
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Cytoskeleton