Transcript 2 organelles

Organelles we will study
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Cytoplasm
Cell membrane and Cell Wall
Nucleus
Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Chromatin
Endoplasmic Reticulum
– smooth
– rough
• Ribosomes
• Golgi Body
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Mitochondria
Vacuoles
Lysosomes
Centrioles
Chloroplast
Cell Wall
Cytoskeleton
Cell Membranes and Cell Walls
• Cell Membrane:
• thin, flexible barrier around a cell
• regulates what enters and leaves the cell
• plant and animal cells
• Cell Wall:
• Strong supporting layer around the cell membrane
in plant cells, algae, and some bacteria
Cell Wall -- in plants only
CYTOPLASM
Cytoplasm: material inside the cell membrane
and outside the nucleus
*Function: holds dissolved molecules,
nutrients and ions that the cell will need to
carry out life processes
Both Plant and Animal Cells
Nucleus
*Contains nucleolus and chromatin
surrounded by envelope (membrane)
*Directs the cell activites
*Both Plant and Animal cells
Around the Nucleus……. the
Nucleus
Nuclear envelope:
*Double membrane with pores
surrounding the nucleus
*Function is to control what goes
in and out of the nucleus; to protect
the chromatin
Inside the Nucleus
Nucleolus: *found in the nucleus
*contains chromatin and
ribosomal subunits
*makes ribosomes
Chromatin: *uncoiled DNA wrapped around
proteins
*located in nucleus
*DNA stores the directions for
making an organism
The nucleus
and the
envelope
The nucleus
andnuclear
the envelope
Ribosomes
Ribosomes make proteins. (remember-from amino acids)
Ribosomes can be found alone in the
cytoplasm (free), in groups, or attached
(bound) to the endoplasmic reticulum. Plant
Ribosomes
Ribosomes are nonmembranous
organelles composed of RNA and protein
The
endoplasmic
reticulum
The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
is a system of membranous channels
Both Plant and Animal
Rough ER is studded with ribosomes and is
the site of protein synthesis and processing.
Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is the site
of synthesis of phospholipids and the
packaging of proteins into vesicles, among
other functions.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
The Golgi Apparatus
The Golgi apparatus (complex, body)
consists of a stack of curved saccules.
Both plant and animal
The Golgi apparatus receives protein and
also lipid-filled vesicles from the ER,
packages, processes, and distributes them
within the cell and the edge / outside of the
cell.
The Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes are vesicles produced by the
Golgi apparatus. Lysosomes contain
enzymes and are involved in digestion and
breakdown of unneeded or broken materials.
Lysosomes in a white blood cell
(b) A Lysosome in action
Mitochondrial Fragment
Lysosome
The formation and functions of lysosomes
The plant cell vacuole
Vacuoles are
membranous sacs
in the cell that
store water and
other needed
substances.
• They are large in
plant cells and
small (sometimes
called vesicles) in
animal cells.
Mitochondria are found in plant and animal
cells. Their function is to help break down
carbohydrates (sugars) to make energy.
This is known as “respiration.” Both Plant and Animal
The chloroplast, site of photosynthesis
Chloroplast
The cytoskeleton is a network of protein
filaments that helps the cell to keep its shape and is
involved in many forms of cell movement. Both
plant and animal cells.
Figure 7-11 Cytoskeleton
Section 7-2
Cell membrane
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Microtubule
Microfilament
Ribosomes
Mitochondrion
Cilia and flagella
Cilia move fluids
Flagella is like a tail on a
cell; they move sperm cells
Centrioles
Centrioles are short
cylinders found just outside
the nucleus in animal cells.
Centrioles are involved in
microtubule formation and
disassembly during cell
division.
Venn Diagrams
Section 7-2
Prokaryotes
Cell membrane
Contain DNA
Ribosomes
Animal Cells
Centrioles
Plant Cells
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Cytoskeleton
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
Eukaryotes
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Cytoskeleton
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Section 7-2
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Ribosome
(attached)
Nuclear
envelope
Ribosome
(free)
Cell
Membrane
Mitochondrion
Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Centrioles
Golgi apparatus
Animal Cell
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Section 7-2
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Vacuole
Ribosome
(free)
Chloroplast
Ribosome
(attached)
Cell
Membrane
Nuclear
envelope
Cell wall
Nucleolus
Golgi apparatus
Nucleus
Mitochondrion
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Plant Cell
The End…