Transcript 3.2 PPT_Organelles

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Study #2 for quiz on Pro vs. Euk Cells
Two Main Types of
Eukaryotic Cells
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
Organelles
Organelles
• Very small (Microscopic)
• Perform various functions for a
cell
• Found in the cytoplasm
• May or may not be membranebound
Animal Cell Organelles
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Nuclear envelope
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Ribosome (attached)
Ribosome (free)
Cell Membrane
Mitochondrion
Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
Centrioles
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Plant Cell Organelles
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Cell or Plasma Membrane
WHAT it is:
•
•
Controls what enters or leaves the cell
Composed of double layer of phosphoLIPIDS and proteins
Its FOUND in:
•
ALL CELLS
FACTORY:
•
•
Security Guard
Gate around the Factory
Outside
of cell
Proteins
Carbohydrate
chains
Cell
membrane
Inside
of cell
Protein
channel
Lipid bilayer
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Phospholipids
• Tails = HATE water
• Heads = LOVE water
• Hydrophillic Heads contain Glycerol &
Phosphate (WATER LOVING)
• Hydrophobic Tails are made of fatty
acids (WATER FEARING)
• Make up a bilayer where tails point
inward toward each other
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The Cell Membrane is Fluid
Molecules in cell membranes are constantly moving
and changing
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Cell Wall
FUNCTION:
• Supports and protects cell
• Found outside of the cell
membrane
• Made of Cellulose
FOUND In:
• PLANTS ONLY
FACTORY:
• BRICK WALL protecting to
outside of the whole
factory
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CELL WALL
Cytoplasm of a Cell
FUNCTION:
• Watery, jelly like
environment that contains all
the organelles
cytoplasm
FOUND IN:
• ALL CELLS
FACTORY:
• The FLOOR of the factory
OR
• Like the AIR in the factory
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NUCLEUS
FUNTION:
• Controls the normal
activities of the cell
• Contains the DNA in
chromosomes
FOUND IN:
• ALL CELLS
FACTORY:
• The BOSS of the factory
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NUCLEUS
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Inside the Nucleus The genetic material (DNA) is found
DNA is spread out
And appears as
CHROMATIN
in non-dividing cells
DNA is condensed &
wrapped around proteins
forming
as CHROMOSOMES
in dividing cells
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What Does DNA do?
DNA is the hereditary
material of the cell
Genes that make up the DNA
molecule code for different
proteins
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Mitochondria
FUNCTION:
• “Powerhouse” of the cell
• Generate cellular energy (ATP)
• Site of CELLULAR
RESPIRATION (breaks down
glucose to give the cell energy)
FOUND IN:
• ALL CELLS
FACTORY:
• POWERPLANT of the factory
• The FURNACE burning coal for
energy
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MITOCHONDRIA
IMPORTANT:
Folded shape increases
the surface area for
more reactions (= MORE
ATP CREATED)
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MITOCHONDRIA
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Chloroplasts
FUNCTION:
• Use energy from sunlight to
make own food (glucose) during
Photosynthesis
• Are green because of
CHLOROPHYLL
FOUND IN:
• PLANTS ONLY!
FACTORY:
• Solar energy panels
• Coal burned by furnace
(mitichondria) for energy
CHLOROPLAST
FUNCTION:
Ribosomes
• Makes PROTEINS!!!
•
•
•
“Protein factories” for cell
Join amino acids to make proteins (called protein synthesis)
Can be: free or attached (to the ER)
FOUND IN:
• ALL CELLS
FACTORY:
• The WORKERS

RIBOSOMES
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Vacuoles
FUNCTION:
• Storage compartment in
cells
• Plant cells have a
LARGE Central Vacuole
• Small or absent in
animal cells
FOUND IN:
• Large vacuole in
PLANTS
FACTORY:
• Storage closet or
warehouse
VACUOLE
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ER
FUNTION:
• Transport chemicals between cells and within cells
• Provides large surface area for chemical reactions
to occur
• Two Kinds:
– Rough = has ribosomes
– Smooth = no ribosomes
FOUND IN:
• ALL CELLS
FACTORY:
• Assembly line of the factory
Endomembrane System
Includes nuclear membrane connected to ER connected
to cell membrane (transport)
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ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
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Golgi Bodies
FUNCTION:
• Sort and packages the
products of the cell for
transport within and out of
the cell
• Looks like a stack of
pancakes!
FOUND IN:
• ALL CELLS
FACTORY:
• Postal Office
• Mail Room
GOLGI APPARATUS
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Golgi Animation
Materials are transported from Rough ER
to Golgi to the cell
membrane
by
VESICLES
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Lysosomes
• FUNCTION:
• Digest and get rid of worn out cell
parts and invaders
• Do this with ENZYMES!
• FOUND IN:
• Mostly ANIMALS (some
plants)
• FACTORY:
• Janitors
• Wrecking ball
Centrioles
FUNTION:
• Help move chromosomes
(DNA) during cell
division
FOUND IN:
• ANIMALS ONLY!
FACTORY:
• Like CRANES used to
moves stuff around the
factory
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Centrioles & the Mitotic Spindle
Made of MICROTUBULES (Tubulin)
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CENTRIOLES
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Cilia & Flagella
• FUNCTION:
• Moving cells, in moving
fluids, or in small
particles across the cell
surface
• FOUND IN: all cells
• FACTORY:
• The maintenance trucks
that drive the workers
around the factory
Cell Movement with Cilia &
Flagella
Plant Cells vs. Animal Cells
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts
1 Large Vacuole
No Centrioles
Lysosomes are
rare
Centrioles
Lysosomes are
common
Several Small
Vacuoles
No Cell Wall
No Chloroplasts