Transcript cells - Cloudfront.net

Cells Unit Outline

What does it take to be alive? There are 6 criteria for
something to be considered “living.” Each of the criteria will be a
different part of the notes. Our cell notes will have the
following six parts:
1. All living things are made of cells. There is nothing smaller than 1 cell.
2. Living things must be organized. There is structure inside an
organism, even if the organism is only made of 1 cell. The different
parts of a living thing all have specific jobs to do.
3. Living things must interact with their environment. All living
organisms maintain the conditions they need to stay alive within their
cells as long as they can, by taking in materials from their environment
or by removing wastes from inside themselves.
Outline Con’d
4.
All living things somehow use energy. Some organisms can produce their
own food, such as plants. Other organisms must obtain food or energy
from their environment.
5.
Living things must grow and develop. The smallest creature begins tiny
and gets just a little bigger. Large, multi-celled creatures may go
through life stages as they mature.
6.
All living things need to reproduce. Don’t laugh! From bacteria to
people, new generations must be made in order for a species to survive.

During the course of this unit, we will explore each of
these six criteria. Each section of the unit will focus
on these numbers, in order! It is important to
investigate each area of what makes us “alive.”
Cell Notes Part 1 and 2

All living things are made of Cells.
 The
idea that all living things are made of
cells is known as cell theory.
 There
are 3 parts of the cell theory:
1. All organisms are made up of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of all organization
inside an organism.
3. All cells must be made from cells.

Living things must be organized.

There are 2 kinds of cells:
1.
Some cells have no membrane-bound
structures inside. These cells are called
Prokaryotic.
2.Some cells do have structures with membranes
inside. These cells are Eukaryotic.
Eukaryotic
Cell
Prokaryotic
Cell
Parts of the cell

The organized pieces inside a single cell are called
organelles. All cells have organelles, and each one of
these organelles has a job to do.



A organelles helps cells regulate what comes into a cell or
what leaves a cell. All cells have a cell membrane. These
membranes also keep the insides of the cell from spilling out.
All cells also have cytoplasm. This is a jelly-like substance
that surrounds all of the other cell parts.
Some types of cells, like plants, algae, fungi, and most
bacteria, have a cell wall. These help protect a cell and give
it shape. Cells with cell walls have their cell membrane right
inside the cell wall.
More parts…



The nucleus is the brain of the cell, and is where DNA is
kept. This important genetic information holds all of the
instructions for how the cell should function.
The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear membrane, which
controls the substances that may enter or leave the nucleus.
Plant cells can make their own food with structures called
chloroplasts. These structures have green pigments inside
them called chlorophyll. With these, a plant can capture light
energy and use it to make food for itself. Animals do not
have chloroplasts.
More parts…



All cells have mitochondria, which help the cell
obtain energy.
Almost all cell parts are made of protein, and the
ribosomes inside a cell help make proteins for that
cell.
The endoplasmic reticulum, or ER for short, helps
a cell move materials around inside itself. In order
to get materials all over the cell, the ER often
extends from the nucleus, all around the cell, all
the way to the cell membrane.
Even more parts…



With all these items moving around the cells, there must be
some way to sort things out. The gogli bodies of a cell sort
out proteins and other molecules, and package them up to be
moved to other parts of the cell.
In some cases, there are more molecules inside a cell than
the cell needs to support itself. All cells have storage areas
called vacuoles. In these areas, cells can store food, water,
waste products, or proteins to build organelles.
It’s sad, but sometimes cells or parts of cells die or need to
be replaced. The lysosomes of a cell are like its recycling
plant. Lysosomes help cells break down when they die or help
cells break down only parts of their organelles for fixing.
The cell membrane
is like the shipping
and receiving part
of a factoryregulating what
enters and exits.
Cytoplasm is a jelly-like
substance that supports the
organelles.
It is like the inside of a
factory building (factory
floor)-where everything is
located.
The cell wall surrounds the cell
membrane in a plant cell- giving
it support and protection
It is similar to the outside walls
of a factory building.
The nucleus is the brain
of the cell and controls
the cells functions.
It is similar to the
manager (CEO) in the
factory building.
The mitochondria and
chloroplast are the powerhouse
of the cell. It is where the
cells energy comes from.
It is similar to the machines
(power plant) in a factory.
Ribosome’s are responsible
for making proteins.
They are similar to the
workers in a factory.
Endoplasmic reticulum
serves as a passageway
through the cytoplasm and
a work station for the
ribosome’s.
It is similar to a conveyor
belt in a factory.
Lysosome’s help cells break down when they die or fix parts
that need fixing.
Lysosome’s are similar to the maintenance crew in a
factory.
The golgi body sorts out proteins and other molecules and
packages them up to be moved to other parts of the cell.
Golgi body is like the finishing and packaging department in
a factory
Vacuoles are the storage places for the
cell- they store food, water, waste
products, and proteins.
Vacuoles are similar to storage rooms in a
factory.
Cell organization…

Multi-cell organisms are organized even more than single-cell organisms.
In larger living things, similar cells with the same function are put
together. A group of cells that work together to do one job form a
tissue. Each cell in a tissue does its part to keep the tissue alive.

Tissues are organized into organs. An organ is a structure made of 2 or
more types of tissues that work together.

When organs work together they form an organ system.

Example: A cell from the heart works with another cell from the heart
to make heart, or cardiac tissue. Heart muscle tissue works with nerve
tissue and blood tissue to make the heart pump. The heart organ works
with your veins and your arteries to make up your cardiovascular
system.
Tissues form
organs
Cells form tissues
Organs form
organ systems