Transcript What are all living things composed of?

Cell Theory
Galileo
• First observations made with a microscope
Robert Hooke
• Made simple microscope
• Looked at cork
– observed small box like structures
– Called them cellulae (small rooms) = cells
Cell Theory
Anton van Leewenhoek
• Created a microscope
• Saw living things in milk, pond water, etc
Matthias Schlieden
• Looked at plants and concluded they were
composed of cells
Cell Theory
Theodore Schwann
• Animals composed of cells
Rudolph Virchow
• All cells are produced from the division of
existing cells
Cell Theory
1. All living things are composed of one or more
cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and
organization of all living organisms
3. Cells arise only from previously existing cells
1. Cells pass on copies of their genetic material to their
daughter cells
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
** Organelles – specialized structures in cells that carryout specific
functions
Prokaryotic Cells
• Prokaryotes
• Small and simple
• No nucleus or membrane
bound organelles
• Usually unicellular
– Bacteria
Eukaryotic Cells
• Eukaryotes
• Higher level organisms
and function
• Most organisms are made up of
eukaryotic cells
• Nucleus –organelle that
contains DNA
– Other membrane bound
organelles
What are all living things composed of?
Agenda for Tuesday Nov. 2nd
1. Cell theory
2. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells
3. Cell structure
List the 3 parts of Cell Theory
Agenda for Thursday Feb 10th
1. Organelle Notes
2. Cell City Analogy
3. Cell Coloring
Organelles in the Cell
• Plasma membrane
– Controls what enters and leaves cell
– Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
• Cell Wall – plants and fungi
– support and protect the cell
– Plants’ cell walls composed of cellulose
– fungi have walls composed of chitin
Organelles in the Cell
• Nucleus - contains DNA
– DNA – instructions needed to produce proteins
that control metabolism and other cell functions
• Cytoplasm - material enclosed by the plasma
membrane
– Liquid within the cell
Organelles
• Nucleolus – within nucleus
– Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is created
here
• Nucleoplasma
Organelles – ER
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Single, continuous membrane
Pipes, tubes and tunnels in cell
Continuous with nuclear envelope
Superhighway of the cell
2 kinds: Rough ER + Smooth ER
– Rough ER - Studded, or covered, with ribosomes
• Major site of protein synthesis
Golgi Apparatus
• Handles export and import of material for cell
Functions:
• Storage, packaging, sorting and final touches
and modification of proteins before
exportation
• The UPS of the cell
Vesicles and Vacuoles
Transport Vesicles
• Transport material from ER to Golgi
• Transport of finished product from Golgi to Cell
Membrane for export (reversed for import)
Lysosomes &Peroxisomes
• Contain digestive enzymes
• Breakdown cell's food and wastes
• Detox alcohols and hydrogen peroxide
Mitochondria
• Produces energy for the cell
– Cell's "power house"
• Composed of 2 membranes
– Cristae = folds of inner
membrane, site of energy
production
– Matrix = fluid inside
mitochondria
Chloroplasts
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Found only in green plant cells and algae
Site of photosynthesis
Contain the pigment chlorophyll
Thylkaloid – single disk, site of photosynthesis
Grana = stacks of thylkaloid
Stroma = fluid inside chloroplast
Cytoskeleton
• Framework of protein fibers inside cell
• Support and movement (dynamic)
Composed of:
• Microfilaments = thinnest (actin)
• Intermediate filaments = (composition varies)
• Microtubules = thickest (tubulin)
What are some differences between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Agenda for Friday Feb 11th
1. Quiz
2. Finish Coloring
3. Cell City Analogy
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic Cells
• Prokaryotes
• Small and simple
• No nucleus or membrane
bound organelles
• Usually unicellular
– Bacteria
Eukaryotic Cells
• Eukaryotes
• Higher level organisms
and function
• Most organisms are made up of
eukaryotic cells
• Nucleus –organelle that
contains DNA
– Membrane bound
organelles
Plant vs. Animal Cell
Plant Cells
• Cell Wall
– And cell membrane
• Chloroplasts
• Large vacuoles
Animal Cells
• No Cell wall
– Cell membrane only
• No Chloroplast
• Small or absent vacuoles
All other organelles are the same in each cell
What are some differences between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Agenda for Friday Nov 5th
1. Quiz
2. Cell Review
1. Questions 14-18, 21-22, 38-46 starting on page 175
2. Questions 3,4,& 5 on page 186
3. Questions 1,2,4,5 on Page 200