Transcript TEST Review
Evolution and Classification Study Guide • Explain homologous structure. – A structure that may have a different function, but very similar in structure. (bat wing, dolphin flipper) • Explain vestigial structure. – A structure the organism has but does not need or use, which shows ancestors needed it. • What type of evolution happens when two species evolve from one species that are separated by a physical boundary? – Divergent evolution • Darwin stated evolution happens through what process? – Natural selection • What is an adaptation? – A trait that helps and organism survive in its environment • Explain survival of the fittest. – Those who are best fitted for the environment will survive • Explain natural selection. – Those who are best fitted for the environment will survive, reproduce, pass on their “good” traits • How did Lamarck think organisms acquired their traits? – Through the use or disuse of the structure. (Giraffes stretched until they had a long neck. • Explain adaptive radiation. – A single species evolved into several different species (such as finches) • Explain Gene pool. – All genetic information for the whole population • What do you call a change in DNA? – mutation • Explain geographic isolation. – Separation by barriers (water, moutains) • Explain convergent evolution and give an example. – A types of evolution where different types of organism develop the same types of characteristics (dolphin and fish, fins) • What is a species? – A group of organisms that can reproduce and have fertile offspring • Explain structural adaptation and give 2 examples. – Change in the body (camo, mimicry, claws) • Explain behavioral adaptation and give 2 examples. – A response to the environment (action)- hibernation, migration • Explain physiological adaptation and give 2 examples. – Chemical change (venom, ink, bioluminescence) • If you are looking at layers of fossils, which layer would be oldest? – Bottom layer is oldest • Explain Binomial Nomenclature. – Two part, Latin naming system (genus, species) • A mountain lion’s scientific name is FELIS CONCOLOR. Write it the correct way. Where did felis come from? Where did concolor come from? – Felis concolor Felis- genus, concolor- species • If two organisms have common or close classification (K,P,C,O,F,G), they have a close _________________ history. – Evolutionary • Which taxon (classification level) is most inclusive? – Kingdom • Which taxon (classification level) is most specific? – Species • Explain directional selection and draw the graph. – Move from one trait to another • Explain disruptive selection and draw the graph. – Both extremes are favored • Explain stabilizing selection and draw the graph. – Middle trait stays in favor Directional Stabilizing Disruptive • List the levels of classification in order from broadest to most specific. – Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species • Explain taxonomy. – The study of organizing organisms. • What is classification? – Grouping items based on similarities • The more taxa organisms have in common the more ____________________ related they are. – closely • Which kingdoms are prokaryotic? – Archaebacteria and eubacteria • Which kingdoms are eukaryotic? – Protista, fungi, Plantae, Animalia • Which kingdoms are autotrophs and heterotrophs? – Archaebacteria and Eubacteria, Protista • Which kingdoms are only autotrophs? – Plantae • Which kingdoms are heterotrophs? – Fungi, Animalia • Which kingdoms are only unicellular? – Archaebacteria and eubacteria • Which kingdoms are only multicellular? – Plantae and Animalia • Which kingdoms are unicellular and multicellular? – Protist and fungi • Which kingdom lives in MOST environments? – Eubacteria • Which ORGANISMS was most likely the first organism on Earth? – bacteria Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Corn Plantae Anthophyta Monocotyledones Commelinales Poaceae Zea Zea mays Classification of Four Organisms Whale Shark Humpback Whale Animalia Animalia Chordata Chordata Chondrichthyes Mammalia Squaliformes Cetacea Rhincodontidae Balaenopteridae Rhincodon Megaptera Rhinacodon typus Megaptera novaeangilae Lion Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Panthera Panther leo •What classification groups do all organisms in the table have in common, except corn? •Kingdom and Phylum •Which of the organisms in the table is least similar to the others? Explain. •Corn, it’s in a different kingdom •Which of the organisms in the table is (are) most similar to a black panther (Panthera onca)? Explain. •Lion, share genus •Based on the information in the table, which two organisms would you say have the most similar evolutionary history? Explain. •Humpback whale and lion, share the most taxons 45. Sir gummer 46. Sir baldie 45 46