Transcript How does a cell survive

How does a cell survive?
http://www.cs.brown.edu/stc/outrea/greenhouse/nursery/biology/home.html
• Everything, from the structure covering the cells to
the organelles inside them, performs a task that helps
to keep the cell alive.
Cell Membrane
• Holds the cell’s inside organelles together
• Allows nutrients in and waste products out
Phospholipids
Molecules
• Make up the cell membrane and are made of
fatty acids and glycerol & phosphates.
Cell Wall
• Only in plants and algae
• Made of cellulose
• Provides strength/support around the
membrane
• It allows trees, leaves, & plants to stand up.
Nucleus
• Means “kernel” or “nut”
• Is covered by a membrane which allows
materials to pass.
• Is the control center of the cell
• Stores DNA (Which makes protein)
Nucleolus
• Dark spot inside the
nucleus
• Stores material to
make ribosomes.
Nucleus
DNA
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
• Are proteins (made of amino acids) which are
the building blocks of the cell.
• Small organelles in every cell b/c they need
protein.
• Have no membranes.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Covered with membrane
• Makes lipids
• Breaks down
drugs/chemicals that might
harm the cell
• Internal delivery system
• Moves through the tubular
connections
Mitochondria
• The cells “power plant”
• Food molecules are broken down in the
cell to release energy.
• Then, ATP moves energy to Mitochondria
• Bean shaped
• 2 membranes
• Work only with oxygen
Outer and Inner
Membranes
Chloroplasts
•
•
•
•
•
Only in plants and algae
Energy-converting from the sun
2 membranes
Looks like stacked coins
Contain Chlorophyll (green) which traps light
and makes it into sugar (photosynthesis)
Chloroplasts
&
Mitochondria
• Theory that they evolved from anceient bacteria.
• Created by cells eating each other.
• Have the same kind of ribosomes and circular
DNA.
&
= Old
Bacteria
The Golgi Bodies
• From ER it transports modified lipids & proteins
in its’ membrane.
• Named after Camillo Golgi (Italian)
• Look like ER but are close to cell membrane
Vesicles
• Membrane covered compartments
• Formed from ER Golgi
Ex. How white blood cells eat other cells.
Check out the picture on page 73 in
your text book.
Vacuoles
• Only in plants
• Membrane covered chamber
• Full of water
Ex. Oranges
Ever wonder how to make lettuce crisp or roses
red?
Lysosomes
• Only in animal cells
• Vesicles with enzymes.
• Destroy worn-out or damaged cells
• Get rid of waste
• Protect the cell.
Ex. Caterpillars, tadpole’s tales, aging
Plant Cell
Animal
Cell
Plant Cell
So now, create a Venn diagram
comparing a plant and animal cell.