Transcript Parts Of The Cell Note Cards

Cells
are basic units of
living organisms.
 The
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
cell theory has three parts:
1. All organisms are made of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and
organization of organisms.
3. All cells come from preexisting cells. (cells
divide and make more cells)
All
cells contain small
specialized structures called
organelles. Many organelles are
surrounded by membranes.
Each organelle has a specific
function in the cell.
A
cell with membrane-bound
organelles is a eukaryote cell. A
eukaryote has a nucleus.
A Prokaryote cell has no
membrane-bound organelles. A
prokaryote has no nucleus.
Which one is the prokaryote?
Which one is the eukaryote?
 The
nucleus is the central organelle that
controls all cell functions.
 The nucleus is “the brain” of the cell.
 The nucleus has a special membrane called a
nuclear envelope.
 The
plasma membrane is the flexible
boundary between cells and their
environments (like your skin is the
boundary between you and the world).
 The plasma membrane controls what
nutrients come in and out.
The Plasma Membrane
It looks complicated…but it has too
be able to let certain things in and
keep certain things out.
 Plant
cells have a rigid protective
structure around the cell called the cell
wall. The plant cell wall is made of
cellulose.
 This cell wall gives plant cells more of a
square appearance.
Chloroplasts
are found only in plant
cells.
Chloroplasts are organelles that do
photosynthesis in plants.
Cytoplasm
is the clear,
gelatinous fluid inside a cell.
All the organelles float
around in the cytoplasm.
 The
cytoskeleton is the framework for the
cell (similar to your skeleton).
 The cytoskeleton is made of microtubules
(thin, hollow cylinders made of protein)
and microfilaments (small solid protein
fibers).
 The
endoplasmic reticulum (or ER) is the organelle
where chemical reactions occur (making proteins,
lipids, and storing nutrients).
 The ER is the folded organelle outside the nucleus.
 There
are two types of ER (rough and
smooth). The difference is ribosomes are on
the rough ER.
 Ribosomes make protein in the cell.
Rough or Smooth ER?
Rough or Smooth ER?
The
Golgi apparatus is a
flattened sack of tubular
membranes that package proteins
into little bags called vesicles.
Vesicle
Golgi
Apparatus
Lysosomes
digest worn out
organelles, food particles, viruses,
and bacteria.
Lysosomes fuse with vacuoles and
dispense their waste into the
vacuole.
A
vacuole is a temporary storage sack.
 The vacuole stores food, enzymes, and waste
products given to it by the Lysosomes.
 Animal cells usually do not have vacuoles, but
plant cells have very large vacuoles.
The
mitochondria are membranebound organelles that make energy
for the cell.
Some
cells (like muscle cells) have
more mitochondria because they
need more energy.
The
nucleolus is an organelle
inside the nucleus which
makes ribosomes.