Transcript Classification

STARTER
1.
2.
3.
4.
What are the major differences between the
theories of Lamarck and Darwin?
Explain how natural selection drives
evolution?
What are homologous structures (examples)
and how do they support evolution?
What are some other pieces of evidence of
evolution?
AGENDA
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Essential Question(s):
• Opening:
 Is there more than one way to
• Starter Questions
classify organisms?
• Work Session:
Standard(s):
• Evolution Quiz
 SB3. Students will derive the
• Classification Guided
relationship between singleNotes
celled and multi-celled
• Whiteboards!!
organisms and the increasing
• Classification Graphic
complexity of systems.
Organizer
Element(s):
• Closing:
 SB3.c Examine the evolutionary basis
• Homework:
of modern classification systems.
Classification Practice
 SB3.b. Compare how the structures
and function vary between the six
• Finalize Instructional
kingdoms (archaebacteria, eubacteria,
Reflection
protists, fungi, plants, and animal).
• Exit Ticket
Quiz!
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Evolution
15 minutes
Homo Sapiens!
Classification
I. Introduction to Classification
Classification is the grouping of information or
objects based on their similarities.
Taxonomy is the study of the classification of
organisms.
II. Systems of Classification
Aristotle-invented 1st classification
system.
Linnaeus-invented classification
system we use today.
II. Systems of Classification
-Linnaeus created a two-word system for
naming organisms called binomial
nomenclature.
-Groups organisms based on evolutionary
relationships.
-All names are 2 Latin words put together.
II. Systems of Classification
-Basic biological unit of the Linnaen
classification system is the species.
Species: Homo
sapiens
Genus
Specific
epithet
Summary Questions
What is classification?
-grouping of organisms based on their characteristics
What is taxonomy?
-study of classification
In the Linnaen classification system, how many words make up each
species name?
-2 words
In the Linnaen classification system, what language is used to classify
organisms?
-Latin
What does binomial nomenclature use to group organisms?
-Evolutionary Relationships
II. Systems of Classification
What animal do you think this is based on the
binomial (species name)?
Canis familiaris
dog
What animal do you think this is
based on the binomial?
Felis domesticus
cat
What animal do you think this is
based on the binomial?
Canis lupus
wolf
What animal do you think this is
based on the binomial?
Vulpes vulpes
fox
What animal do you think this is
based on the binomial?
Populus deltoides
cottonwood tree
II. Systems of Classification
-The advantage of naming organisms using
binomial nomenclature is that scientists from
all over the world, who speak many different
languages can communicate with each other.
III. Importance of Classification
-Classification has led to important discoveries
including new medicines and new sources of
energy.
IV. How are living things classified?
-Organisms are classified based on 3 things:
1. DNA
2. Structure
3. Behavior
IV. How are living things classified?
-Living things are organized into different sized
groups called taxa.
-The kingdom is the largest group; all
organisms on earth fit into 6 kingdoms.
-A species is the smallest grouping and includes
only one kind of organism.
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
How to Remember Order
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King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Grape
Soda
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Questions
What is a bigger group, kingdom or class?
Kingdom
What is a bigger group, order or family?
Order
What is a bigger group, order or phylum?
Phylum
V. 6 Kingdoms
-All life can be classified into 6 kingdoms:
1. Archaebacteria
2. Eubacteria
3. Protists
4. Fungi
5. Plantae
6. Animalia
V. 6 Kingdoms
1. Archaebacteria: prokaryote (no nucleus), cell
walls, unicellular, found in extreme
environments (hot springs).
V. 6 Kingdoms
2. Eubacteria: prokaryote (no nucleus), cell walls
unicellular, live in more normal environments.
V. 6 Kingdoms
3. Protists: eukaryotes (nucleus), unicellular (one celled)
or simple multicellular, very simple structure, live in wet
environments.
V. 6 Kingdoms
4. Fungi: multicellular eukaryotes, cells with cell walls,
heterotrophs called decomposers (break down dead or
dying material).
V. 6 Kingdoms
5. Plantae: multicellular eukaryotes, autotrophs
(making own food), cells with cell walls
V. 6 Kingdoms
6. Animalia: multicelluar eukaryotes, heterotrophs, no
cell walls
Questions
What kingdom does this organism belong to?
Kingdom Animalia
What kingdom does this organism
belong to?
FUNGI!
What kingdom does this organism
belong to?
-Plantae
What kingdom does this organism
below to?
A prokaryote that lives in a normal
environment (diplobacilli).
-Eubacteria
What kingdom does this organism
belong to?
Prokaryote that lives in extreme
environments.
Archaebacteria!
Chapter 17
Organizing Life’s Diversity
17.3 Domains and Kingdoms
Viruses—An Exception
 A virus is a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein
coat.
 Viruses do not possess cells, nor are they cells,
and are not considered to be living.
 Because they are nonliving, they usually are
not placed in the biological classification
system.
Whiteboard Challenge!!
Review Mon-Today for Quiz!
Work Session
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Classification Graphic Organizer!!
Students working on computers or using notes
Students work in pairs – peer support
Assignment due when timer sounds!
Closing
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Homework: Classification Practice
Finalize instructional reflection
Exit Ticket next!
Exit Ticket
1. Scientists have discovered a new species of bacteria. Which would provide the
BEST basis for classifying this species?
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a. cell structure
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b. habitat
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c. method of reproduction
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d. DNA comparison
2. Examination of cells from this organisms indicates it is multicellular, and its cells
have cell walls, and a nucleus, but lack chloroplasts. To what kingdom does this
organism belong?
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a. eubacteria
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b. fungi
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c. plantae
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d. protista.
3. Which organisms would be most closely related?
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a. organisms in the same kingdom
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b. organisms in the same phylum
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c. organisms in the same class
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d. organisms in the same genus
Chapter 17
Organizing Life’s Diversity
17.1 Formative Questions
Which was the first formal system of
organizing organisms according to a set
of criteria?
2.
3.
4.
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
0%
0%
D
1.
C
A. classification
B. nomenclature
C. systematics
D. taxonomy
Chapter 17
Organizing Life’s Diversity
17.1 Formative Questions
Which of these is the highest level of
classification?
0%
0%
2.
A
0%
B
3.
0%
D
4.
A
B
C
D
1.
C
A. class
B. family
C. order
D. phylum
Chapter 17
Organizing Life’s Diversity
Chapter Diagnostic
Questions
On what characteristics did Linnaeus base
his system of classification?
2.
3.
4.
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
0%
0%
D
1.
C
A. red blood and bloodless
B. evolutionary history
C. behavior and habitat
D. body structure
Chapter 15
Evolution
15.3 Formative Questions
Which of these conditions can act on
phenotypes to provide adaptive advantages
to a population?
2.
3.
4.
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
0%
0%
D
1.
C
A. mutations
B. natural selection
C. nonrandom mating
D. small population size
Chapter 14
The History of Life
14.1 Formative Questions
In which type of rock do paleontologists search
for fossils?
A
B
C
D
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
C
0%
B
A
0%
0%
D
A. igneous
B. metamorphic
C. sedimentary
D. volcanic
Chapter 14
The History of Life
Chapter Diagnostic
Questions
What gas do scientists think was absent from
Earth’s early atmosphere?
A
B
C
D
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
C
0%
B
A
0%
0%
D
A. sulfur
B. nitrogen
C. oxygen
D. water vapor
Chapter 14
The History of Life
14.2 Formative Questions
According to the endosymbiont theory, what may
have happened to a prokaryotic cell that entered
a host cell?
0%
0%
B
3.
0%
D
0%
2.
C
4.
A
B
C
D
1.
A
A. It was digested by the
host cell.
B. It became an organelle
in the host cell.
C. It became a harmful
parasite in the host cell.
D. It was removed from the
host cell by exocytosis.
Chapter 17
Organizing Life’s Diversity
17.3 Formative Questions
Which is a characteristic of the species
classified in Domain Archaea?
A
B
C
D
2.
3.
4.
0%
B
A
0%
0%
0%
D
1.
C
A. They are anaerobic.
B. They are autotrophic.
C. They are extremophiles.
D. Their cell walls
contain peptidoglycan.
Chapter 17
Organizing Life’s Diversity
17.3 Formative Questions
Which group of dissimilar organisms were
placed into the same kingdom partly because
they don’t fit into any other kingdoms?
A
B
C
D
2.
3.
4.
0%
B
A
0%
0%
0%
D
1.
C
A. eubacteria
B. eukaryotes
C. fungi
D. protists
Chapter 17
Organizing Life’s Diversity
17.3 Formative Questions
Which kingdom contains heterotrophic,
multicellular eukaryotes?
A
B
C
D
2.
3.
4.
0%
B
A
0%
0%
0%
D
1.
C
A. Animalia
B. Fungi
C. Plantae
D. Protista
Chapter 17
Organizing Life’s Diversity
Standardized Test
Practice
Which pair of organisms is more closely
related?
1. Quercus alba
2. Cornus alba
3. Quercus rubra
A
B
C
2.
A. 1 and 2
B. 2 and 3
C. 1 and 3
3.
0%
B
A
0%
0%
C
1.
Chapter 17
Organizing Life’s Diversity
Chapter Assessment
Questions
Which is not one of the three domains?
0%
0%
2.
A
0%
B
3.
0%
D
4.
A
B
C
D
1.
C
A. Archaea
B. Bacteria
C. Eukarya
D. Fungi
Chapter 14
The History of Life
Standardized Test
Practice
Why do scientists believe that archea are the closest
relatives to Earth’s first cells?
A
B
C
D
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
C
0%
B
A
0%
0%
D
A. They are eukaryotes.
B. They contain DNA.
C. They carry out
photosynthesis.
D. They live in
extreme environments.
Chapter 17
Organizing Life’s Diversity
Standardized Test
Practice
Why aren’t mushrooms classified as plants?
3.
4.
0%
B
0%
0%
0%
D
2.
A
B
C
D
C
1.
A
A. They are heterotrophs.
B. They don’t have
cell walls.
C. They don’t absorb
nutrients from their
environment.
D. They lack motility—
the ability to move.
Chapter 15
Evolution
Standardized Test
Practice
Which explains why the tortoises on the different
islands of the Galápagos had slightly different
variations in their shells?
A
B
C
D
3.
4.
0%
B
0%
0%
0%
D
2.
C
1.
A
A. The different tortoises were
different species.
B. The environment on each
island was different.
C. Each type of tortoise could
survive only on its own island.
D. They arrived on the islands
from different continents.
Chapter 17
Organizing Life’s Diversity
Chapter Diagnostic
Questions
What is the term for a named group of
organisms?
2.
3.
4.
0%
B
A
0%
A
B
C
D
0%
0%
D
1.
C
A. genus
B. family
C. phylum
D. taxon
Chapter 17
Organizing Life’s Diversity
17.2 Formative Questions
Which inherited features are not used
by scientists to construct patterns of evolutionary
descent?
0%
0%
2.
A
0%
B
3.
0%
D
4.
A
B
C
D
1.
C
A. analogous characters
B. biochemical characters
C. homologous characters
D. morphological characters