Transcript - Riverside Preparatory High School

The Cell
The basic unit of all
living things
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Robert Hooke was the first to
name the cell (1665)
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The Cell Theory
 The cell is the unit of Structure of all living things.
The cell is the unit of Function of all living
things.
All cells come from Pre-existing cells.
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Two Major Cell Types
Prokaryotic cells
– (Streptococcus,
E.coli, etc.) NO
NUCLEUS
Eukaryotic cells.
These include:
plants, animals,
fungi, protists
HAVE A
NUCLEUS
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ANIMAL CELL
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PLANT CELL
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CELL MEMBRANE
CELL MEMBRANE: All cells are covered by a cell
membrane; it regulates what comes in and goes
out of the cell .
Also Called the PLASMA MEMBRANE
Found in both plant and animal cells
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Cell Membrane also called the
Plasma Membrane
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CYTOPLASM
Cytoplasm – jelly like substance
that fills cells; made of mostly
water; holds the organelles
Found in plant and animal cells
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NUCLEUS
Nucleus – contains the cell’s DNA and is
the control center of the cell
Found in both plant and animal cells.
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RIBOSOME
Ribosome – the site where amino acids
are hooked together to make proteins
This is the site of Protein Synthesis
Found in both plant and animal cells
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ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
-found
in both plants and
animals
 System of Channels that transport proteins in a
cell. Some reactions take place on the surface
 Two types Rough-with Ribosomes on them and
Smooth- no ribosomes on them
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GOLGI BODIES
Responsible for
labeling, sorting
and packaging
chemicals
(proteins) and
secreting
(releasing) them
from the cell
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VACUOLES
Vacuoles – store water and other
materials
Found in both plant and animal
cells
Plants have very large vacuoles.
Animals have small vacuoles
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Food Vacuole
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LYSOSOME
Lysosomes – digest food
particles, wastes, cell
parts and foreign invaders.
They have such powerful
enzymes they can destroy
a whole cell. Example:
Tadpole’s tail.
Found in animal cells
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Mitochondria – Makes Energy for Cell .
Energy is also called ATP
Site of Cellular Respiration
It takes in oxygen and glucose and releases
Carbon dioxide , water and ATP
Found in both plant and animal cells.
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Some Organelles are only found in
Plant Cells
Do you know which
ones?
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CELL WALL
Cell Wall – the cell wall gives structure and support
to the cell membrane.
Only found in plant cells
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CHLOROPLASTS
All plant cells contain Chloroplasts. They are the
organelle responsible for _photosynthesis_
which uses the sun to make glucose(sugar).
Chloroplasts are green due to a pigment called
chlorophyll.
Only found in plant cells
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There is one organelle found only
in Animal Cells….
 Can you name it?
The Centrioles
These are necessary for
Animal cell Division. Plants
manage without them.
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COMPARISON OF ORGANELLES
TO ORGAN SYSTEMS
ORGANELLE
ORGAN
ORGAN
SYSTEM
NUCLEUS
BRAIN
CELL
MEMBRANE
LYSOSOME
LUNGS
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
RESPIRATOR
Y SYSTEM
DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
EXCRETORY
SYSTEM
CELL
MEMBRANE
STOMACH
KIDNEY
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LINKING HOW ORGANELLES
WORK TOGETHER
 NUCLEUS CONTROLS THE RATE OF
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS BY RIBOSOMES
 CELL MEMBRANE REGULATES THE
PASSAGE OF OXYGEN INTO THE CELL TO
BE USED BY MITOCHONDRIA
 AFTER A LYSOSOME DIGESTS OLD
ORGANELLES THE CELL MEMBRANE
RELEASES THEM OUT OF THE CELL
 THE GOLGI BODY PRODUCES LYSOSOMES
WHICH ARE USED TO DIGEST BACTERIA
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WRAP UP
1.
HEREDITARY INFORMATION IS
STORED INSIDE THE:
A. RIBOSOMES
B. NUCLEUS,
C. MITOCHONDRIA
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WRAP UP
2. DIAGRAM TO THE
RIGHT REPRESENTS:
A. A CHLOROPLAST
CARRYING OUT
RESPIRATION
B. A LYSOSOME
CARRYING OUT
PHAGOCYTOSIS
C. A MITOCHONDRIA
CARRYING OUT
RESPIRATION
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WRAP UP
3. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION FOR
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN THE
HUMAN BODY FROM LEAST COMPLEX TO
MOST COMPLEX ARE:
A. CELLS-->TISSUES-->ORGANS->SYSTEMS
B. SYSTEMS-->ORGANS-->TISSUES->CELLS
C. CELLS-->ORGANS-->TISSUES->SYSTEMS
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WRAP UP
4. STUDIES OF FAT CELLS AND THYROID
CELLS SHOW THAT FAT CELLS HAVE
FEWER MITOCHONDRIA THAN THYROID
CELLS. A BIOLOGIST WOULD MOST
LIKELY INFER THAT FAT TISSUE:
A. HAS ENERGY REQIREMENTS EQUAL
TO THOSE OF THYROID TISSUE
B. REQUIRES LESS ENERGY THAN
THYROID TISSUE
C. REQUIRES MORE ENERGY THAN
THYROID TISSUE
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