Transcript Plant Cell Organelle Functions

Cells to Organelles
Mrs. Dillon’s Science Class
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These are Organisms
(living things)
Any Organism is Made Up Of
Organ Systems
An organ system is a group of
organs that work together.
Muscular
System
(Front
View)
Click here
to see how
joints
work:
Bone
(anatomy) -Media -Encarta ®
Online
Digestive
System
Cardiovascular
System
Skeletal System
(Front View)
Interesting Fact about
an Organ System
Your skeletal system is replaced every 7 years or
so.
Organ Systems are Made Up of
Organs
Heart
Lungs
Brain
Skin (Cut
View)
Liver
Eye
Interesting Fact about an Organ
Your ______
skin is the largest organ of your body.
It comprises about 12% of your total body weight. In
other words, if you weigh 100 pounds, 12 of those 100
pounds come from your skin.
Even your eyes are covered by a layer of skin.
By the time you reach the age of 70, you will have
shed over 40 pounds of dead skin cells. Think about
holding 4 10-pound bags of potatoes. That’s how much
skin you will lose by age 70.
http://www.innerbody.com/image/nerv16.html
This is a human hair and part of its
root. What does it remind you of?
“Did you know ?
The average person is
believed to have over five
million hairs growing on
their body at the same
time. Isn't it amusing to
know that humans have
just as many hair follicles
as gorillas do? Hair color
depends on amount of
melanin (pigment). As we
age, less melanin is formed
and small air bubbles form,
making the appearance
look gray.”
Photo by Student in 406,
2003
Interesting Fact Source:
http://www.innerbody.com
/image/nerv16.html
Organs are made up of
Tissues
A piece of an
organ is a
tissue.
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/cardiology/heart/photographs.html
Unhealthy
Heart Tissue
(enlarged)
Tissues are made up of
Cells
BrainPOP - Health, Science, Technology
Animation and Educational Site for Kids.
Organisms
Organ Systems
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Organisms
Organ Systems
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Interesting Fact about Cells
The human body has more
than 75 trillion cells in it. If
these cells were lined up
around the Earth, they would
circle the Earth more than
48 times!
Cells are made of Organelles
Golgi Body
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Lysosome
Cell Wall
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Cell
Membrane
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum
http://www.people.virginia.edu/~rjh9u/lysosome.html
Test Yourself: Name the
Organelles in a Plant Cell
9 11
1
3
10
4
7
2
6
8
5
Tissues are made up of
Cells
BrainPOP - Health, Science, Technology
Animation and Educational Site for Kids.
Photo by Cameron R.,
Ms. Tresten’s Class, 2002
Tissues are made up of
Cells
BrainPOP
- Health, Science,
Technology
Plasma Membrane
(Cell
Membrane)
Animation and Educational Site for Kids.
Cameron Reagon’s sample - 2002
Tissues are made up of
Cells
BrainPOP - Health, Science, Technology
Animation and Educational Site for Kids.
Photo by D Tresten, 2002
Chloroplast
http://
www.c
ellsaliv
e.com/
ecoli.h
tm
CELLS
alive!
Chloroplast
Visible
from
Underlying
James A. Sullivan Cell Layer
If This is the cheek cell of a
human, can you identify
the organelles?
Cell Membrane
2.
1.
Cytoplasm
3.
Nucleus
Which is a plant cell and
which is a animal cell?
How can you tell?
Where are the
Chloroplasts in this Photo of Algae?
(Photo by Kim Hugh, Ms. Tresten’s class, 2002)
View a Virtual Cell
http://www.life.uiuc.edu/
plantbio/cell/
To see nucleus: http://www.life.uiuc.edu/cgi-bin/plantbio/cell/cell.cgi
Functions of Cell Organelles
Read the “function clue.”
Write the name of the organelle that
has been described.
Click to check your answer.
Copy the function of each organelle.
Function Clue #1
This structure
looks like clear,
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
mashed-up Jello.
It’s known as
Vacuole
Chloroplast
the “living sea”
Cell
of the cell
Membrane
Nucleus
Mitochondria
because it is
the structure in
which all of the other structures “float” so that
they don’t slam into each other.
Molecular Expressions Digital Video Gallery: Amoeba (Protozoa) Video No. 1
Plant Cell Organelles
Which structure is the “Living
Sea” which separates organelles?
Cytoplasm
See cytoplasm move:
Molecular Expressions Digital Video Gallery: Amoeba (Protozoa) Video No. 1
Function Clue #2
These “mighty”
organelles give
energy to
the cell.
They are the
“powerhouses”
of the cells.
What are they?
Which structures are the
“powerhouses” of cells?
Mitochondria
Function Clue #3
Plant Cell Organelles
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Cell
Membrane
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Celery is made
mostly
of cellulose.
This structure is the
“protector” of cells.
It is tough, stringy,
and surrounds plant
cells ONLY. It acts
like a wall or a suit
of armor. It is made
of cellulose.
What is the “protector”?
Cell Wall
Function Clue #4
This structure is the
“brain” or “boss” of
the cell. It “tells” the
cell what to do:
to reproduce, take
in water, take in
food, make food
(plant cells only), etc.
Which structure is the “brain”
of the cell?
Nucleus
Function Clue #5
Plant Cell Organelles
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Cell
Membrane
Nucleus
Mitochondrion
This organelle is very
plasmatic (shapechanging). It allows
food and water to
enter the cell easily,
but it holds the
cytoplasm inside its
membrane. It’s like
a fence.
Which structure holds the
“innards” in but keeps bacteria out?
Cell Membrane
Function Clue #6
Ribosome
Lysosome
Golgi Body
This small,
grainlike
structure is
the protein
producer of
the cell. Think
of it as a tiny
living factory.
Which structure is the
“Protein Producer”of the cell?
Ribosome
Function Clue #7
CELLS
alive!
James A. Sullivan
This is an organelle that
is ONLY in a plant
cell. It is the structure
in which a plant cell
makes its own food
(chlorophyll) with the
help of the sun (in a
process known as
photosynthesis).
Which organelle produces
food for the cell?
Chloroplast
This chloroplast is empty
because it has not yet made
chlorophyll. Why not?
Perhaps it is winter time, and the
sun’s rays do not strike the Earth
directly enough to provide enough
energy for photosynthesis to occur.
Function Clue #8
This structure is the
“pantry” of a cell. It
holds the food and
water that enter
the cell through the
cell membrane. In
a plant cell, these
structures tend to be
very large.
Which structure holds food &
water like a pantry?
Vacuole
Function Clue #9
Endoplasmic reticulum
This maze of
passageways
carries
proteins and
other materials
from one part
of the cell to
another.
Which structure is the
“passageway” of the cell?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Function Clue #10
Lysosome
Golgi Bodies
This structure acts as
the pipeline
(distributors) of the
cell. It receives
materials from the
endoplasmic
reticulum and sends
them to other parts
of the cell. Works
with lysosomes.
Which structure is the “Pipeline ” or
“Distributor” of the cell?*
Golgi Body
*These organelles could act as pipelines between the
endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes, for example)
Function Clue #11
Lysosome
This structure acts as the
garbage disposal of the
cell. It works with the
Golgi bodies to break
down “food” particles
and worn-out cell parts,
and then release them
from the cell.
Which structure is the “Garbage
Disposal” of the cell?
Lysosome
Organelle Functions
Safely holds
all organelles Gives
instructions
Chlorophyll
to the cell
(food) is made
in this structure
(through
photosynthesis)
Passageway
through which
materials in cell
are moved
Protects cell
from invaders (sun & insects)
Stores
water & food
Holds
cytoplasm &
allows
food/water to
enter/exit cell
Receive materials Breaks down
from E.R. and food/worn-out cell
send them to parts and releases
other parts of cell.
them from cell
Gives
energy to
the cell
Learn the Function
Safely holds
all organelles Gives
instructions
Chlorophyll
to the cell
(food) is made
in this structure
(through
photosynthesis)
Passageway
through which
materials in cell
are moved
Protects cell
from invaders (sun & insects)
Stores
water & food
Receive materials Breaks down
from E.R. and food/worn-out cell
send them to parts and releases
other parts of cell.
them from cell
Holds
cytoplasm &
allows
food/water to
enter/exit cell
Gives
energy to
the cell
Let’s concentrate on
the nucleus next…
What’s in the Nucleus?
The nucleus contains
chromatin.
Chromatin
Mitosis.ppt
What do Chromatin do?
Before one parent
cell divides to
become two cells,
the chromatin coil
and condense to
become
chromosomes.
CELLS alive!
Mitosis.ppt
See chromatin become chromosomes: BU WebCentral Learning: Flash - Introduction
Genes
On the chromosomes are
genes.
http://www.biosciences.
bham.ac.uk/labs/minchi
n/tutorials/lgdna.html
http://www.marfan.org
/pub/newsletter/vol04/
video.html
Mitosis.ppt
DNA
In the genes is DNA, the
message-giver of the cells.
Mitosis.ppt
http://www.psc.e
du/science/Rose
nberg/Rosenberg
.html
Credits: Photographs
All photographs used in this
presentation except this one
were taken by Ms. Tresten or her
students during laboratory
investigations of pond water. This
photograph was used by permission
from CellsAlive.com (James A.
Sullivan). See permission below.
Permission from CellsAlive.Com
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subject to international copyright laws. The site is provided as a free classroom
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Credits: Clip Art
All clip art is used by permission from
Microsoft Design Gallery.