Transcript Chapter 1 - Leavell Science Home

Chapter 1
The Scope of Biology
Concept 1.1
Biology explores life from the global to the microscopic scale.
Key Terms
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Organism
Cell
DNA
Gene
The Biosphere
Signs of life at the
Global Scale
Consists of all the
parts of the Earth
that are inhabited
by living things
Ecosystems
Community of
living things in
an area, along
with the
nonliving
features of the
environment
that support
the living
community
Woodland
Ecosytem
Organisms
Individual living things
Large
Small
Microscopic
Cells
Life's basic
units of
structure and
function
All organisms
are made of
one or more
cells
DNA & Genes
DNA is the chemical
responsible for
inheritance, and is
found in the nucleus
of every cell
Spread in bits and
pieces along the
DNA molecule are
genes – which code
for specific proteins
Concept 1.2
Biology explores life in its diverse forms
Key Terms
Species
Domain
Unicellular
Prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell
Multicellular
Life’s Diversity of Species
Biodiversity – the variety of life on Earth
What does it mean to have biodiversity?
Classifying Life: The Basic Idea
As humans we tend to group items in categories
Classification as a postal address
The Three Domains of Life
Archaea – prokaryotic, unicellular
Bacteria – prokaryotic, unicellular
Eukarya – eukaryotic, multicellular or
unicellular
Concept 1.3
Ten themes unify the study of life
Key Terms
System
Photosynthesis
Producer
Consumer
Homeostasis
Adaptation
Population
Natural Selection
Evolution
1 – Biological Systems
“The whole is greater than
its parts”
A system has properties based
on the arrangement and
interactions of its parts
Interactions with organisms and the non-living parts of the
environment “put the system in ecosystem”
2 – The Cellular Basis of Life
All organisms are made of cells
These cells are then organized into more complex
structures
3 – Form and Function
Which is the better tool – hammer or screwdriver?
The best form depends on its function
Would a flipper help a bird fly?
Would a fish be able to swim with feathers?
Beak Design
Scooping fish from water
Eating large prey
Eating nectar from a flower
Eating seeds
Eating insects from dead trees
Probing mud for invertebrates
Catching insects in flight
4 – Reproduction and Inheritance
Organisms have to be able
to reproduce
Using genetic information
(DNA) from parents you
can see how it is passed
along from generation to
generation
5 – Interaction with the Environment
No organism is isolated from its surroundings
Photosynthesis – uses carbon dioxide, water, and
sunlight to produce oxygen and energy
Stepping out into the sunlight – causes you to squint
Venus flytrap – designed to detect touch which
causes them to close
6 – Energy and Life
Moving, growing, reproducing
and other life activities require
energy
You can trace energy (light,
chemical, and heat) in
different ecosystems
Producers (Autotrophs) vs.
Consumers (Heterotrophs)
7 - Regulation
Organisms have to regulate
the internal conditions
The ability of birds and
mammals to regulate body
temperature is an example
of homeostasis (steady
state)
Mechanisms of
homeostasis enable
organisms to regulate their
internal environment,
despite changes to their
external environment
8 – Adaptation and Evolution
Adaptations are inherited traits that help the organism
survive and reproduce in a specific environment
Evolution means “change over time” – specifically a
generation to generation change that occurs over a
long period of time
9 – Biology and Society
The more we learn about biology – the more it
impacts daily life
Medicine
Environmental Issues
10 – Scientific Inquiry
Involves asking
questions about
nature and then
using observations
or experiments to
find possible
answers to those
questions